How Fast Can A Tornado Travel? Your Ultimate Safety Guide

Are you curious about tornado speeds and how to stay safe during these powerful storms while planning your trip to Vietnam? SIXT.VN is here to provide you with essential information and reliable travel services in Vietnam. Let’s explore tornado speeds and the comprehensive safety measures you should take, plus discover how SIXT.VN can make your Vietnamese adventure seamless.

1. What is the Average Speed of a Tornado?

The forward speed of a tornado can vary significantly. While some tornadoes might appear almost stationary, others can move at speeds of up to 60 mph (97 km/h). It is crucial to remember that size and shape are not indicators of a tornado’s strength, and all tornadoes should be considered potentially dangerous.

Tornadoes are not just stationary events; they are dynamic weather phenomena with varying speeds. According to the National Weather Service (NWS), tornado speeds can range from nearly motionless to as fast as 60 mph. The unpredictability of their movement emphasizes the need for vigilance and preparedness during severe weather conditions.

2. How are Tornadoes Classified Based on Speed and Damage?

Tornadoes are classified into three main categories based on estimated wind speeds and the damage they cause:

The Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale is the standard for assessing tornado strength in the United States. Developed after the original Fujita (F) Scale, the EF Scale incorporates engineering guidelines to provide more accurate wind speed estimates based on observed damage. This scale helps meteorologists and the public understand the potential severity of a tornado.

3. What is the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale?

The Enhanced Fujita Scale, introduced in 2007, is used to rate the intensity of tornadoes based on the damage they cause. It uses wind speed estimates derived from engineering guidelines.

According to the Storm Prediction Center (SPC), the EF Scale is a refined method for estimating tornado intensity. Unlike the original F Scale, the EF Scale considers a wider range of damage indicators and incorporates expert judgment to provide a more accurate assessment of wind speeds.

4. Why is it Difficult to Precisely Measure Tornado Wind Speeds?

Measuring the exact wind speeds within a tornado is challenging for several reasons:

• Unknown True Wind Speeds: The actual wind speeds at ground level in most tornadoes remain unknown.
• Varied Damage: The amount of wind needed to cause similar damage can vary significantly, even within a small area.
• Subjective Rating: Damage rating is often an educated guess, and even experienced meteorologists may disagree on a tornado’s strength.

These factors make assessing tornado strength a complex task, relying heavily on expert judgment and observed damage.

5. What are Some Recent Violent Tornadoes?

Violent tornadoes, classified as EF4 or EF5, are rare but account for a significant percentage of tornado-related deaths. These tornadoes have wind speeds exceeding 166 mph and can cause catastrophic damage.

Despite the infrequency of violent tornadoes, their impact is devastating. According to a report by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), violent tornadoes, though only a small fraction of all tornadoes, account for about 70% of all tornado-related fatalities in the U.S. This highlights the importance of understanding and preparing for these extreme weather events.

6. What Preparation Steps Should You Take for Tornado Safety?

Being prepared is crucial for staying safe during a tornado. Here are some essential steps:

• Know Your Location: Be aware of the county you live in, as tornado warnings are often issued based on county boundaries.
• Stay Informed: Monitor weather forecasts via NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or TV.
• Community Warning System: Understand your community’s warning system, noting that sirens are typically for outdoor warnings.
• Safe Room: Designate a safe room in your home, such as a basement or an interior room on the lowest floor with no windows.
• Practice Drills: Conduct regular tornado drills to ensure everyone knows what to do.
• Secure Outdoor Items: Secure or move lawn furniture, trash cans, and other items that could become projectiles in high winds.
• Watch for Warning Signs: Look for dark, greenish clouds, a wall cloud, a debris cloud, large hail, a funnel cloud, and a roaring noise.

According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), proactive preparation is key to minimizing the impact of tornadoes. Having a plan, knowing where to seek shelter, and staying informed can significantly improve your safety during a tornado.

7. What Should You Do During a Tornado?

Knowing what to do during a tornado can save your life. Here are the key steps to take:

• Underground Shelter: The safest place is an underground shelter, basement, or safe room. Cover your head with your arms, a mattress, or a heavy blanket.
• Interior Room: If an underground shelter isn’t available, seek a small, windowless interior room or hallway on the lowest level of a sturdy building.
• Avoid Windows: Stay away from windows at all times.
• Exit Large Buildings: Get out of large auditoriums or warehouses.
• Mobile Homes: Mobile homes are not safe during tornadoes. Abandon them immediately for a sturdy shelter or vehicle.

8. What if You are Outdoors During a Tornado?

If caught outdoors during a tornado, follow these guidelines:

• Seek Shelter: Try to find shelter in a basement, shelter, or sturdy building.
• Vehicle: If shelter is not accessible, get into a vehicle, buckle your seat belt, and drive to the nearest sturdy shelter.
• Last Resort: If flying debris occurs, pull over, park, and stay in the car with your seat belt on, keeping your head below the windows. As a last resort, if you can safely get lower than the roadway, exit the car and lie in that area, covering your head.

The American Red Cross emphasizes the importance of seeking the lowest possible ground during a tornado. If you are caught outdoors with no immediate shelter, lying flat in a ditch or other low-lying area can provide some protection from flying debris.

9. Why Should You Never Drive Directly Towards a Tornado?

Never drive directly toward a tornado or in its vicinity. Tornadoes can change direction and speed quickly, putting you at significant risk. Instead, drive at right angles away from the tornado or seek immediate shelter.

According to the National Weather Service (NWS), attempting to outrun a tornado in a vehicle is highly dangerous. Tornadoes are unpredictable, and their paths can shift suddenly. The best course of action is to move perpendicularly to the tornado’s path or find a safe shelter immediately.

10. Are Highway Overpasses Safe During a Tornado?

Highway overpasses are not necessarily the safest outdoor place to be during a tornado. People have been killed while seeking shelter under overpasses. Instead, seek a sturdy shelter or lie flat on the ground, covering your head with your arms.

Research from structural engineers and meteorologists suggests that highway overpasses can create wind tunnel effects, increasing the risk of injury from flying debris. The safest approach is to find a structurally sound building or lie flat in a low-lying area.

11. What Should You Do After a Tornado?

After a tornado, it’s essential to take the following steps:

• Stay Informed: Continue listening to local news or NOAA Weather Radio for updated information.
• Avoid Damaged Buildings: Stay out of damaged buildings, as they may be structurally unstable.
• Watch for Hazards: Watch out for fallen power lines or broken gas lines and report them to the utility company immediately.
• Document Damage: Take pictures of damage for insurance claims.
• Clean Up Safely: Clean up spilled medications, bleaches, gasoline, and other flammable liquids to prevent fire hazards.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends prioritizing safety and awareness after a tornado. Being cautious of potential hazards, documenting damage, and following safety guidelines can help prevent further injuries and facilitate recovery.

12. How Can SIXT.VN Help Make Your Travel to Vietnam Safer and More Convenient?

While tornadoes are not a concern in Vietnam, SIXT.VN offers a range of services to ensure your trip is safe, convenient, and enjoyable. Here’s how:

• Airport Transfer: Reliable and safe airport transfer services to get you to your hotel comfortably.
• Hotel Booking: Assistance in finding and booking the best hotels to suit your budget and preferences.
• Sightseeing Tours: Guided tours to explore Hanoi and surrounding areas safely and efficiently.
• Flight Booking: Help with booking flights at competitive prices with convenient schedules.
• Travel Advice: Expert travel advice to help you navigate Vietnam with ease.

SIXT.VN is committed to providing top-notch travel services that cater to your needs, ensuring a seamless and memorable experience in Vietnam.

13. What are the Key Tornado Safety Rules to Remember?

To summarize, here are the essential tornado safety rules:

1. Stay Informed: Monitor weather updates and warnings.
2. Have a Plan: Know where to seek shelter.
3. Seek Shelter: Go to an underground shelter or interior room.
4. Avoid Windows: Stay away from windows.
5. Protect Yourself: Cover your head and body.
6. Stay Aware: Watch for hazards after the storm.

These guidelines, recommended by leading weather and safety organizations, provide a comprehensive approach to tornado preparedness and safety.

14. How Can You Stay Updated on Weather Alerts?

Staying informed about weather alerts is crucial. Use these resources:

• NOAA Weather Radio: A nationwide network broadcasting weather information.
• Local News: Stay tuned to local news channels for updates.
• Weather Apps: Utilize weather apps on your smartphone for real-time alerts.

According to the National Weather Service (NWS), staying connected to weather alerts can provide early warnings and help you take timely action to protect yourself and your loved ones.

15. How Does SIXT.VN Ensure Safe Transportation for Travelers in Vietnam?

SIXT.VN prioritizes traveler safety by:

• Professional Drivers: Employing experienced and licensed drivers.
• Well-Maintained Vehicles: Ensuring all vehicles are regularly inspected and maintained.
• Real-Time Tracking: Providing real-time tracking of vehicles for added security.
• 24/7 Support: Offering round-the-clock customer support.

These measures ensure that your transportation needs are met with the highest standards of safety and reliability.

16. What are Common Misconceptions About Tornadoes?

There are several common misconceptions about tornadoes that can be dangerous:

• Myth: Tornadoes never strike cities.
  • Fact: Tornadoes can occur in any location, including urban areas.
• Myth: Opening windows will equalize pressure and prevent damage.
  • Fact: Opening windows does not prevent damage and can increase the risk of injury.
• Myth: You can outrun a tornado in a car.
  • Fact: Tornadoes can change direction and speed quickly, making it dangerous to try to outrun them.

Clearing up these misconceptions is essential for promoting informed decision-making during severe weather events.

17. How Can Communities Prepare for Tornadoes?

Community preparedness is vital for reducing the impact of tornadoes. Key steps include:

• Public Education: Conducting public awareness campaigns about tornado safety.
• Warning Systems: Implementing and maintaining effective warning systems.
• Emergency Planning: Developing and practicing emergency response plans.
• Building Codes: Enforcing stringent building codes to ensure structures can withstand high winds.

According to FEMA, community-wide preparedness efforts can significantly enhance resilience and minimize the damage caused by tornadoes.

18. What Role Does Technology Play in Tornado Detection and Prediction?

Technology plays a critical role in tornado detection and prediction:

• Doppler Radar: Detects rotation within storms, providing early warnings.
• Weather Models: Advanced computer models help predict the likelihood of tornado formation.
• Satellite Imagery: Provides real-time data on storm development and movement.

The advancements in weather technology have greatly improved the accuracy and timeliness of tornado warnings, saving lives and reducing property damage.

19. How Can Schools and Businesses Prepare for Tornadoes?

Schools and businesses should have specific plans in place to protect occupants during a tornado:

• Tornado Drills: Conduct regular tornado drills to ensure everyone knows the procedures.
• Designated Shelters: Identify and mark designated shelter areas.
• Emergency Kits: Prepare emergency kits with essential supplies.
• Communication Systems: Establish clear communication systems for alerting occupants.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provides guidelines for workplace safety during tornadoes, emphasizing the importance of planning and training.

20. What Resources are Available for Learning More About Tornado Safety?

Numerous resources offer valuable information about tornado safety:

• National Weather Service (NWS): Provides comprehensive information on tornado awareness and safety tips.
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): Offers resources for preparing for and responding to disasters.
• American Red Cross: Provides training and resources for disaster preparedness.
• Storm Prediction Center (SPC): Offers forecasts and information on severe weather events.

These resources provide a wealth of information to help you stay informed and prepared for tornadoes.

21. How Can SIXT.VN Assist with Planning a Safe and Enjoyable Trip to Hanoi?

SIXT.VN is dedicated to ensuring your trip to Hanoi is both safe and enjoyable by offering tailored services to meet all your travel needs:

• Customized Itineraries: Personalized travel plans that consider your interests and schedule.
• Reliable Transportation: Safe and comfortable transportation options, including private cars and airport transfers.
• Accommodation Assistance: Help with finding and booking reputable hotels that meet your safety standards.
• Local Support: On-the-ground assistance to address any concerns or emergencies.

With SIXT.VN, you can relax and enjoy your Vietnamese adventure knowing that your safety and comfort are our top priorities.

22. What are the Benefits of Using SIXT.VN for Your Travel Needs in Vietnam?

Choosing SIXT.VN for your travel needs in Vietnam offers numerous benefits:

• Convenience: Streamlined booking and service processes.
• Reliability: Dependable and trustworthy services.
• Expertise: Local knowledge and expertise to enhance your travel experience.
• Support: Dedicated customer support to assist you at every step.
• Safety: Prioritized safety measures to ensure a secure trip.

SIXT.VN strives to provide a hassle-free and enriching travel experience, allowing you to focus on exploring the beauty and culture of Vietnam.

23. How Can You Book Services with SIXT.VN?

Booking services with SIXT.VN is easy and convenient:

1. Visit Website: Go to SIXT.VN.
2. Select Services: Choose the services you need, such as airport transfer, hotel booking, or sightseeing tours.
3. Enter Details: Provide your travel details and preferences.
4. Confirm Booking: Review and confirm your booking.
5. Enjoy Your Trip: Relax and enjoy your trip to Vietnam with SIXT.VN taking care of the details.

With a user-friendly platform and dedicated support team, SIXT.VN makes planning your Vietnamese adventure a breeze.

24. What Makes Hanoi a Unique Travel Destination?

Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, offers a unique blend of rich history, vibrant culture, and modern attractions:

• Historical Sites: Explore ancient temples, citadels, and mausoleums.
• Cultural Experiences: Immerse yourself in traditional music, dance, and art forms.
• Delicious Cuisine: Savor the flavors of authentic Vietnamese cuisine, from street food to fine dining.
• Beautiful Scenery: Discover picturesque lakes, parks, and gardens.
• Friendly Locals: Experience the warmth and hospitality of the Vietnamese people.

Hanoi is a city that captivates visitors with its charm and offers a diverse range of experiences for every traveler.

25. What Types of Accommodation Can SIXT.VN Help You Book in Hanoi?

SIXT.VN offers assistance with booking a wide range of accommodations in Hanoi:

• Luxury Hotels: High-end hotels with premium amenities and services.
• Boutique Hotels: Stylish and unique hotels with personalized service.
• Budget Hotels: Affordable hotels with comfortable accommodations.
• Guesthouses: Cozy and welcoming guesthouses for a more intimate experience.
• Apartments: Fully furnished apartments for longer stays.

Whether you are looking for luxury, comfort, or affordability, SIXT.VN can help you find the perfect accommodation to suit your needs.

26. What Sightseeing Tours Does SIXT.VN Offer in and Around Hanoi?

SIXT.VN provides a variety of sightseeing tours in and around Hanoi:

• Hanoi City Tour: Explore the highlights of Hanoi, including the Old Quarter, Hoan Kiem Lake, and historical landmarks.
• Halong Bay Cruise: Discover the stunning beauty of Halong Bay with a scenic cruise.
• Sapa Trekking Tour: Embark on a trekking adventure in the picturesque mountains of Sapa.
• Ninh Binh Day Trip: Visit the ancient capital of Hoa Lu and the scenic landscapes of Tam Coc.
• Perfume Pagoda Tour: Explore the spiritual and cultural significance of the Perfume Pagoda.

These tours offer a diverse range of experiences, allowing you to explore the beauty and culture of Vietnam with ease.

27. What are Some Essential Travel Tips for Visiting Hanoi?

To make the most of your visit to Hanoi, consider these essential travel tips:

• Learn Basic Phrases: Learning a few basic Vietnamese phrases can enhance your interactions with locals.
• Bargain at Markets: Bargaining is common at markets, so don’t be afraid to negotiate prices.
• Try Street Food: Sample the delicious street food, but choose vendors with high hygiene standards.
• Be Aware of Scams: Be cautious of common scams targeting tourists, such as overcharging and fake tours.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, especially during hot weather.
• Respect Local Customs: Dress modestly when visiting temples and pagodas, and be mindful of local customs and traditions.

These tips can help you navigate Hanoi with confidence and ensure a safe and enjoyable trip.

28. How Can SIXT.VN Help You Navigate the Language Barrier in Vietnam?

SIXT.VN offers several services to help you overcome the language barrier in Vietnam:

• English-Speaking Staff: Providing English-speaking staff to assist with your needs.
• Translation Services: Offering translation services for important documents and communications.
• Guided Tours: Providing guided tours with knowledgeable English-speaking guides.
• Local Assistance: Offering on-the-ground assistance to help you communicate with locals.

With these services, SIXT.VN ensures that language is not a barrier to your enjoyment of your trip to Vietnam.

29. How Does SIXT.VN Ensure the Quality of Its Services?

SIXT.VN is committed to providing high-quality services through:

• Careful Selection of Partners: Partnering with reputable and reliable service providers.
• Regular Monitoring: Regularly monitoring service quality and customer feedback.
• Training and Development: Investing in the training and development of staff.
• Customer Feedback: Actively seeking and responding to customer feedback.

These measures ensure that SIXT.VN consistently delivers exceptional services that meet and exceed customer expectations.

30. What are the Top Attractions to Visit in Hanoi?

Hanoi boasts a wealth of attractions that cater to diverse interests:

• Hoan Kiem Lake: A scenic lake in the heart of Hanoi, home to the Ngoc Son Temple.
• Old Quarter: A historic district with narrow streets, traditional shops, and vibrant street life.
• Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum: A solemn monument dedicated to the founding father of Vietnam.
• Temple of Literature: Vietnam’s first university, a beautiful complex of temples and gardens.
• Water Puppet Theater: A unique cultural performance showcasing traditional Vietnamese art.
• Imperial Citadel of Thang Long: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, a historic fortress that was the political center of Vietnam for centuries.

These attractions offer a glimpse into the rich history and culture of Hanoi, making it a must-visit destination for travelers.

31. What Local Cuisine Should You Try in Hanoi?

Hanoi is a food lover’s paradise, offering a variety of delicious local dishes:

• Pho: A flavorful noodle soup, considered the national dish of Vietnam.
• Bun Cha: Grilled pork served with rice noodles, herbs, and dipping sauce.
• Cha Ca: Turmeric fish with dill, served with rice noodles and peanuts.
• Banh Mi: A Vietnamese baguette sandwich filled with various ingredients.
• Egg Coffee: A unique coffee drink made with egg yolks, sugar, and condensed milk.

Sampling these local delicacies is an essential part of experiencing the culinary delights of Hanoi.

32. How Does SIXT.VN Handle Unexpected Travel Disruptions?

SIXT.VN is prepared to handle unexpected travel disruptions by:

• 24/7 Support: Offering round-the-clock customer support to assist with any issues.
• Flexible Booking Policies: Providing flexible booking policies that allow for changes and cancellations.
• Alternative Arrangements: Making alternative arrangements to ensure your travel plans are minimally disrupted.
• Local Knowledge: Utilizing local knowledge to navigate challenges and find solutions.

With SIXT.VN, you can travel with confidence knowing that you have support in case of unexpected events.

33. What Safety Measures Should You Take When Exploring Hanoi?

When exploring Hanoi, it’s important to take certain safety measures:

• Be Aware of Your Surroundings: Pay attention to your surroundings and avoid walking alone in poorly lit areas.
• Protect Your Belongings: Keep your belongings secure and be cautious of pickpockets.
• Use Reputable Transportation: Use reputable transportation services, such as taxis and ride-sharing apps.
• Avoid Drinking Tap Water: Drink bottled water and avoid ice made from tap water.
• Be Cautious of Traffic: Be cautious of traffic, as Hanoi’s roads can be chaotic.

By following these safety tips, you can enjoy your exploration of Hanoi with peace of mind.

34. What Cultural Etiquette Should You Be Aware of in Hanoi?

Respecting local customs and traditions is essential when visiting Hanoi:

• Dress Modestly: Dress modestly when visiting temples and pagodas.
• Remove Shoes: Remove your shoes when entering someone’s home or a temple.
• Use Both Hands: Use both hands when giving or receiving something, especially from elders.
• Avoid Public Displays of Affection: Avoid public displays of affection, as they are not common in Vietnamese culture.
• Respect Elders: Show respect for elders by addressing them appropriately and offering assistance.

Being mindful of these cultural etiquette guidelines will help you make a positive impression and enhance your cultural experience in Hanoi.

35. What are the Best Times of Year to Visit Hanoi?

The best times of year to visit Hanoi are:

• Spring (March to April): Mild temperatures, blooming flowers, and pleasant weather.
• Autumn (September to November): Cool and dry weather, ideal for outdoor activities and sightseeing.

These seasons offer the most comfortable weather conditions and are perfect for exploring the city and its surroundings.

36. How Can SIXT.VN Help You Experience the Local Culture in Hanoi?

SIXT.VN can help you immerse yourself in the local culture of Hanoi by:

• Cultural Tours: Offering tours that focus on cultural experiences, such as traditional music performances and visits to local villages.
• Local Guides: Providing knowledgeable local guides who can share insights into Vietnamese culture and history.
• Authentic Experiences: Arranging opportunities to participate in local activities, such as cooking classes and traditional craft workshops.
• Language Assistance: Helping you communicate with locals and learn about their customs and traditions.

With SIXT.VN, you can go beyond the typical tourist experience and connect with the authentic culture of Hanoi.

37. What are Some Day Trip Options from Hanoi?

Hanoi is an excellent base for exploring the surrounding regions with these popular day trip options:

• Halong Bay: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, famous for its stunning limestone karsts and emerald waters.
• Ninh Binh: Known as “Halong Bay on Land,” with picturesque landscapes of rice paddies, rivers, and limestone mountains.
• Hoa Lu: The ancient capital of Vietnam, featuring historical temples and stunning scenery.
• Perfume Pagoda: A complex of temples and shrines built into the cliffs of the Huong Tich mountains.
• Bat Trang Pottery Village: A traditional pottery village where you can watch artisans at work and purchase unique souvenirs.

These day trips offer a diverse range of experiences, from natural wonders to historical sites, all within easy reach of Hanoi.

38. What are Some Unique Souvenirs to Buy in Hanoi?

When shopping for souvenirs in Hanoi, consider these unique and memorable options:

• Silk Products: High-quality silk clothing, scarves, and accessories.
• Lacquerware: Beautifully crafted lacquer boxes, bowls, and artwork.
• Handmade Crafts: Traditional crafts such as embroidery, weaving, and wood carvings.
• Coffee: Premium Vietnamese coffee beans and coffee-making equipment.
• Conical Hats: Traditional Vietnamese conical hats (non la) are both practical and iconic.

These souvenirs will remind you of your wonderful experiences in Hanoi and make great gifts for friends and family.

Are you ready to explore Vietnam with confidence and ease? Let SIXT.VN be your trusted travel partner, providing seamless services from airport transfers to tailored tours. Contact us today to start planning your unforgettable Vietnamese adventure. With SIXT.VN, you’re not just booking a trip; you’re unlocking an experience. Visit SIXT.VN or call +84 986 244 358 for personalized assistance. Your journey awaits!

Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358
Website: SIXT.VN

FAQ: Tornadoes and Travel Safety

1. How Fast Can A Tornado Travel on average?
   Tornadoes can travel at speeds ranging from nearly stationary to up to 60 mph (97 km/h).
2. What is the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale?
   The EF Scale is used to rate the intensity of tornadoes based on the damage they cause and estimated wind speeds.
3. Where is the safest place to be during a tornado?
   The safest place is an underground shelter, basement, or a small, windowless interior room on the lowest level of a sturdy building.
4. What should you do if you are caught outdoors during a tornado?
   Seek shelter in a basement or sturdy building. If not available, get into a vehicle and drive to the nearest shelter, or lie flat in a ditch covering your head.
5. Are highway overpasses safe during a tornado?
   No, highway overpasses are not necessarily safe and can create wind tunnel effects.
6. What are some common misconceptions about tornadoes?
   Common myths include that tornadoes never strike cities and that opening windows will prevent damage.
7. How can you stay updated on weather alerts?
   Use NOAA Weather Radio, local news, and weather apps on your smartphone.
8. What should you do after a tornado?
   Continue listening to local news, stay out of damaged buildings, and watch for hazards like fallen power lines.
9. How does SIXT.VN ensure safe transportation for travelers in Vietnam?
   SIXT.VN uses professional drivers, well-maintained vehicles, real-time tracking, and 24/7 support.
10. Can SIXT.VN help with language barriers in Vietnam?
    Yes, SIXT.VN provides English-speaking staff, translation services, and guided tours with English-speaking guides.