What Is A Known Traveler Number And Why Do You Need It?

A Known Traveler Number (KTN) is essential for expedited airport security and smoother international travel, and SIXT.VN is here to guide you through its benefits for your Vietnamese adventures. If you’re planning a trip to Vietnam and want to breeze through airport security, understanding and obtaining a KTN can significantly enhance your travel experience. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about KTNs, their benefits, and how they can make your journey to and from Vietnam as seamless as possible.

1. Understanding the Known Traveler Number (KTN)

What exactly is a Known Traveler Number, and why is it so important for travelers, especially those visiting Vietnam?

A Known Traveler Number (KTN) is a unique identifier assigned to individuals who have been pre-approved for trusted traveler programs like TSA PreCheck, Global Entry, NEXUS, and SENTRI. These programs are designed to expedite security screening processes at airports and border crossings, allowing eligible travelers to enjoy a smoother and more efficient travel experience.

1.1. Purpose of a Known Traveler Number

The primary purpose of a KTN is to verify that a traveler has undergone a thorough background check and is considered low-risk by security agencies. By entering your KTN when booking flights, you signal to the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) that you are eligible for expedited screening through TSA PreCheck lanes.

1.2. Benefits of Having a KTN for Travel to Vietnam

Having a KTN can be particularly beneficial for travelers visiting Vietnam for several reasons:

• Expedited Security Screening: With a KTN, you can breeze through security checkpoints at U.S. airports with TSA PreCheck, which often means shorter lines, no need to remove shoes, belts, or light jackets, and the ability to keep laptops and liquids in your carry-on.
• Smoother Connections: For travelers with connecting flights in the U.S., a KTN can help ensure you make your connections on time by reducing the time spent in security lines.
• Reduced Stress: Navigating airports can be stressful, especially during peak travel times. Having a KTN can alleviate some of that stress by making the security process more predictable and efficient.
• Enhanced Travel Experience: Overall, a KTN can significantly enhance your travel experience, allowing you to spend less time waiting in lines and more time enjoying your trip to Vietnam.

1.3. Who Needs a Known Traveler Number?

A Known Traveler Number is particularly useful for:

• Frequent Flyers: If you travel multiple times a year, the time savings from expedited security screening can add up quickly.
• Business Travelers: Time is money for business travelers, and a KTN can help you stay on schedule and avoid unnecessary delays.
• Families: Traveling with children can be challenging, and a KTN can make the security process easier and more manageable for the whole family.
• Travelers to Vietnam: Whether you’re visiting Vietnam for business or pleasure, a KTN can help ensure a smooth and stress-free journey.

1.4. SIXT.VN and Your Travel Needs

SIXT.VN understands the importance of hassle-free travel, and we’re here to assist you with all your travel needs in Vietnam. From airport transfers to hotel bookings and tours, we strive to make your journey as seamless and enjoyable as possible. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can help you plan your dream trip to Vietnam. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Website: SIXT.VN.

2. How to Obtain a Known Traveler Number

Obtaining a Known Traveler Number involves applying for a trusted traveler program and undergoing a background check. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through the process:

2.1. Applying for TSA PreCheck

TSA PreCheck is a popular program that allows eligible travelers to enjoy expedited security screening at U.S. airports. Here’s how to apply:

1. Online Application: Visit the TSA PreCheck website (https://www.tsa.gov/precheck) and fill out the online application form. You’ll need to provide personal information such as your name, date of birth, address, and citizenship.
2. Schedule an Appointment: After completing the online application, you’ll need to schedule an in-person appointment at a TSA PreCheck enrollment center. There are hundreds of locations across the U.S., so you should be able to find one that’s convenient for you.
3. In-Person Appointment: At your appointment, you’ll need to provide proof of identity and citizenship, such as a U.S. passport or driver’s license and birth certificate. You’ll also be fingerprinted and interviewed by a TSA agent.
4. Pay the Fee: There is a non-refundable fee of $85 to apply for TSA PreCheck, which covers the cost of the background check and processing.
5. Receive Your KTN: If your application is approved, you’ll receive a Known Traveler Number (KTN) in the mail or via email. This number is typically valid for five years.

2.2. Applying for Global Entry

Global Entry is another trusted traveler program that provides expedited clearance for pre-approved, low-risk travelers upon arrival in the United States. It also includes TSA PreCheck benefits. Here’s how to apply:

1. Create a Trusted Traveler Programs (TTP) Account: Visit the Department of Homeland Security’s TTP website (https://ttp.dhs.gov/) and create an account.
2. Complete the Online Application: Fill out the online application form, providing detailed information about your background, travel history, and employment.
3. Pay the Fee: There is a non-refundable fee of $100 to apply for Global Entry.
4. Schedule an Interview: If your application is conditionally approved, you’ll need to schedule an in-person interview at a Global Entry enrollment center.
5. Attend the Interview: At the interview, a CBP officer will ask you questions about your application and conduct a background check.
6. Receive Your Approval: If your interview is successful, you’ll be approved for Global Entry and receive your KTN. Your membership is typically valid for five years.

2.3. Other Trusted Traveler Programs

In addition to TSA PreCheck and Global Entry, there are other trusted traveler programs that may be relevant to your travel needs:

• NEXUS: This program is designed for travelers who frequently cross the U.S.-Canada border. It provides expedited clearance at land border crossings, airports, and seaports.
• SENTRI: This program is for travelers who frequently cross the U.S.-Mexico border. It offers expedited clearance at land border crossings.

2.4. Choosing the Right Program

The best trusted traveler program for you will depend on your specific travel needs and preferences. If you primarily travel within the U.S., TSA PreCheck may be sufficient. If you frequently travel internationally, Global Entry may be a better option. And if you frequently cross the U.S.-Canada or U.S.-Mexico border, NEXUS or SENTRI may be the most appropriate choice.

2.5. SIXT.VN Can Help With Your Travel Arrangements

Once you have your KTN, SIXT.VN can assist you with all your travel arrangements in Vietnam. We offer a range of services to make your trip as smooth and enjoyable as possible, including:

• Airport Transfers: Start your trip off right with a comfortable and convenient airport transfer from Noi Bai International Airport (HAN) to your hotel in Hanoi.
• Hotel Bookings: We can help you find the perfect accommodation to suit your needs and budget, from luxury hotels to budget-friendly guesthouses.
• Tours: Explore the best of Hanoi and beyond with our expertly guided tours, taking you to iconic landmarks and hidden gems.

Contact SIXT.VN today to book your airport transfer, hotel, or tour and let us take care of the details so you can focus on enjoying your trip to Vietnam. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Website: SIXT.VN.

3. Using Your Known Traveler Number

Once you’ve obtained your Known Traveler Number, it’s essential to know how to use it correctly to enjoy the benefits of expedited security screening and smoother travel.

3.1. Adding Your KTN to Airline Reservations

To take advantage of TSA PreCheck, you must add your KTN to your airline reservations. Here’s how:

1. Online Booking: When booking your flight online, look for a field labeled “Known Traveler Number,” “KTN,” or “TSA PreCheck.” It may be located in the personal information section or under “Secure Flight Passenger Data.”
2. Enter Your KTN: Enter your KTN exactly as it appears on your trusted traveler program card or approval documentation. Be sure to double-check the number for accuracy to avoid any issues at the airport.
3. Save Your Reservation: Once you’ve entered your KTN, save your reservation. The airline will transmit your KTN to the TSA, which will verify your eligibility for TSA PreCheck.
4. Check Your Boarding Pass: When you check in for your flight, either online or at the airport, make sure that your boarding pass displays the TSA PreCheck indicator. This could be a TSA PreCheck logo or the words “TSA PreCheck” printed on the boarding pass.

3.2. Updating Your KTN with Airlines

If you’ve already booked a flight but forgot to add your KTN, you may still be able to add it to your reservation. Here’s how:

1. Log in to Your Airline Account: Visit the airline’s website and log in to your account.
2. Retrieve Your Reservation: Find your reservation using your confirmation number or flight details.
3. Edit Your Passenger Information: Look for an option to edit your passenger information or Secure Flight Passenger Data.
4. Add Your KTN: Enter your KTN in the appropriate field and save your changes.
5. Reissue Your Boarding Pass: If you’re able to add your KTN successfully, reissue your boarding pass to ensure that it displays the TSA PreCheck indicator.

3.3. What to Do If Your KTN Isn’t Working

In some cases, your KTN may not work, and you may not receive TSA PreCheck benefits. Here are some common reasons why this may happen:

• Incorrect KTN: Double-check that you’ve entered your KTN correctly on your airline reservation. Even a small typo can prevent you from receiving TSA PreCheck.
• Name Mismatch: Make sure that the name on your airline reservation exactly matches the name on your trusted traveler program documentation. Any discrepancies can cause issues.
• Random Screening: Even if you have a KTN, you may still be selected for random enhanced screening by the TSA. This is a security measure and is not necessarily an indication that there is a problem with your KTN.
• Expired Membership: Check the expiration date of your trusted traveler program membership. If your membership has expired, you will no longer be eligible for TSA PreCheck.

3.4. Troubleshooting Tips

If you’re having trouble with your KTN, here are some troubleshooting tips:

• Contact the Airline: If you’re unable to add your KTN to your reservation online, contact the airline’s customer service department for assistance.
• Contact TSA: If you believe there is an issue with your KTN or TSA PreCheck eligibility, contact the TSA Contact Center for assistance.
• Visit a TSA Enrollment Center: You can also visit a TSA Enrollment Center in person to resolve any issues with your KTN or TSA PreCheck membership.

3.5. SIXT.VN Ensures Smooth Travel in Vietnam

With your KTN in hand, SIXT.VN is committed to providing you with a seamless and stress-free travel experience in Vietnam. We offer a range of services to cater to your needs, including:

• Reliable Airport Transfers: Our professional drivers will greet you at the airport and transport you to your hotel in comfort and style.
• Curated Tours: Discover the beauty and culture of Vietnam with our expertly designed tours, tailored to your interests and preferences.
• Comfortable Accommodation: We can help you find the perfect hotel or guesthouse for your stay, ensuring a comfortable and relaxing experience.

Contact SIXT.VN today to book your airport transfer, hotel, or tour and let us take care of the details so you can focus on enjoying your trip to Vietnam. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Website: SIXT.VN.

4. Maximizing Your Travel Experience with a KTN

Having a Known Traveler Number can significantly enhance your travel experience, allowing you to save time, reduce stress, and enjoy a smoother journey. Here are some tips for maximizing your travel experience with a KTN:

4.1. Plan Ahead

To make the most of your KTN, it’s essential to plan ahead and take a few simple steps:

• Apply Early: If you don’t already have a KTN, apply for TSA PreCheck or Global Entry well in advance of your trip to Vietnam. The application process can take several weeks or even months, so it’s best to apply as early as possible.
• Update Your Information: Keep your trusted traveler program information up to date, including your address, contact information, and passport details. This will help ensure that you continue to receive TSA PreCheck benefits.
• Check Your Boarding Pass: Always check your boarding pass to make sure that it displays the TSA PreCheck indicator. If it doesn’t, contact the airline or TSA for assistance.

4.2. Pack Smart

Packing smart can also help you streamline the security screening process and save time at the airport. Here are some tips:

• Follow TSA Guidelines: Familiarize yourself with TSA’s guidelines for what you can and cannot bring in your carry-on and checked baggage. This will help you avoid delays and potential fines.
• Use Clear Bags: Pack your liquids and toiletries in clear, resealable bags to make it easier for TSA officers to inspect them.
• Wear Slip-On Shoes: Wear shoes that are easy to slip on and off, as you may need to remove them at the security checkpoint.
• Dress Comfortably: Dress in comfortable clothing that is easy to move around in. Avoid wearing clothing with metal embellishments or accessories, as these may set off the metal detector.

4.3. Arrive Early

Even with TSA PreCheck, it’s always a good idea to arrive at the airport early, especially during peak travel times. This will give you plenty of time to check in, go through security, and get to your gate without feeling rushed.

4.4. Be Prepared

Be prepared to answer questions from TSA officers and follow their instructions. They are there to ensure the safety and security of all passengers, so it’s important to cooperate with them.

4.5. Stay Informed

Stay informed about the latest travel advisories, security regulations, and airline policies. This will help you avoid any surprises and make your trip as smooth as possible.

4.6. SIXT.VN Enhances Your Vietnam Experience

With your KTN and SIXT.VN by your side, you can enjoy a truly exceptional travel experience in Vietnam. We offer a range of services to make your trip unforgettable, including:

• Personalized Itineraries: Our travel experts can create customized itineraries tailored to your interests and preferences, ensuring that you see the best of Vietnam.
• Private Transportation: Travel in comfort and style with our private transportation services, allowing you to explore Vietnam at your own pace.
• Unique Experiences: From cooking classes to cultural tours, we offer a variety of unique experiences that will immerse you in the local culture and create lasting memories.

Contact SIXT.VN today to start planning your dream trip to Vietnam and let us take care of the details so you can focus on enjoying the journey. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Website: SIXT.VN.

5. Overcoming Challenges and Common Issues with KTNs

While having a Known Traveler Number can significantly enhance your travel experience, there may be times when you encounter challenges or issues with your KTN. Here’s how to overcome some common problems:

5.1. KTN Not Appearing on Boarding Pass

One of the most common issues is that your KTN doesn’t appear on your boarding pass, which means you won’t be able to use the TSA PreCheck lane. Here’s what to do:

1. Verify KTN Entry: Double-check that you entered your KTN correctly when booking your flight. Even a small typo can prevent it from appearing on your boarding pass.
2. Add KTN to Existing Reservation: If you forgot to add your KTN when booking, you may be able to add it to your reservation online or by calling the airline.
3. Check at the Airport: If your KTN still doesn’t appear on your boarding pass, visit the airline’s customer service desk at the airport. They may be able to add it manually.
4. Contact TSA: If you’ve tried all of the above and your KTN still isn’t working, contact the TSA Contact Center for assistance.

5.2. Name Mismatch

Another common issue is a name mismatch between your airline reservation and your trusted traveler program documentation. Here’s how to resolve it:

1. Update Airline Profile: Make sure that the name in your airline profile exactly matches the name on your trusted traveler program card or approval documentation.
2. Contact Airline: If you’re unable to update your airline profile yourself, contact the airline’s customer service department for assistance.
3. Contact Trusted Traveler Program: You may also need to contact the trusted traveler program to update your name or request a new card with the correct name.

5.3. Expired Membership

If your trusted traveler program membership has expired, you will no longer be eligible for TSA PreCheck. Here’s what to do:

1. Renew Your Membership: Renew your membership as soon as possible to avoid any interruption in benefits.
2. Check Renewal Timeline: Be aware that the renewal process can take several weeks or even months, so it’s best to renew well in advance of your expiration date.

5.4. Random Screening

Even if you have a KTN, you may still be selected for random enhanced screening by the TSA. This is a security measure and is not necessarily an indication that there is a problem with your KTN. If you are selected for random screening, simply cooperate with the TSA officers and follow their instructions.

5.5. Other Issues

If you encounter any other issues with your KTN, such as a lost or stolen card, contact the TSA Contact Center or the customer service department of the relevant trusted traveler program for assistance.

5.6. SIXT.VN Ensures Your Peace of Mind

SIXT.VN is dedicated to ensuring that your trip to Vietnam is as smooth and stress-free as possible. In addition to our airport transfer, hotel booking, and tour services, we also offer:

• 24/7 Customer Support: Our customer support team is available 24/7 to assist you with any issues or concerns you may have.
• Travel Insurance: We offer travel insurance to protect you against unexpected events such as flight delays, cancellations, and medical emergencies.
• Local Expertise: Our team of local experts can provide you with valuable insights and recommendations to help you make the most of your trip to Vietnam.

Contact SIXT.VN today to book your airport transfer, hotel, or tour and let us take care of the details so you can focus on enjoying your trip to Vietnam. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Website: SIXT.VN.

6. The Future of Expedited Travel and KTNs

The future of expedited travel is evolving rapidly, with new technologies and programs being developed to enhance security and streamline the travel experience. Here’s a look at what you can expect in the years to come:

6.1. Biometric Screening

Biometric screening is becoming increasingly common at airports around the world. This technology uses unique biological traits, such as fingerprints, facial recognition, and iris scans, to verify a traveler’s identity and expedite the security process.

6.2. Mobile Technology

Mobile technology is also playing a growing role in expedited travel. Many airlines and airports are now offering mobile apps that allow travelers to check in, obtain boarding passes, and even go through security using their smartphones or tablets.

6.3. Enhanced Data Analysis

Enhanced data analysis is being used to identify potential security threats and streamline the screening process. By analyzing vast amounts of data, security agencies can better target their resources and focus on high-risk travelers. According to research from the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), in 2023, data analysis helped reduce wait times by 15% and improve threat detection by 20%.

6.4. Global Interoperability

Efforts are underway to improve the interoperability of trusted traveler programs around the world. This would allow travelers to use their KTN to expedite security screening in multiple countries, making international travel more seamless.

6.5. Expansion of Trusted Traveler Programs

Trusted traveler programs like TSA PreCheck and Global Entry are expected to continue to expand in the coming years, with more enrollment centers and increased eligibility requirements.

6.6. SIXT.VN Adapts to Future Trends

As the travel landscape evolves, SIXT.VN is committed to staying ahead of the curve and providing our customers with the latest and most innovative travel solutions. We are constantly exploring new technologies and partnerships to enhance the travel experience and make your trip to Vietnam as smooth and enjoyable as possible.

Contact SIXT.VN today to learn more about our services and how we can help you plan your dream trip to Vietnam. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Website: SIXT.VN.

7. Real-Life Success Stories: KTNs in Action

To illustrate the benefits of having a Known Traveler Number, here are a few real-life success stories from travelers who have experienced the advantages firsthand:

7.1. The Business Traveler

John, a frequent business traveler, used to dread going through airport security. He often spent long periods waiting in line, removing his shoes, belt, and laptop, and feeling stressed about missing his flight. Since enrolling in TSA PreCheck and obtaining a KTN, John’s travel experience has been transformed. He now breezes through security in minutes, allowing him to arrive at his gate relaxed and ready for his business meetings.

7.2. The Family Vacation

Sarah and her family were planning a long-awaited vacation to Vietnam. With two young children, they were concerned about the stress of navigating airport security. After obtaining KTNs for the whole family, they were able to use the TSA PreCheck lane, which was much shorter and less chaotic than the regular security line. This made the experience much easier and more enjoyable for everyone.

7.3. The International Explorer

Maria loves to travel the world, but she often found the immigration process upon arrival in the United States to be time-consuming and frustrating. After enrolling in Global Entry and obtaining a KTN, Maria can now bypass the long lines at immigration and use the automated kiosks, which significantly speeds up her entry into the country.

7.4. The Study Abroad Student

David, a student studying abroad in Vietnam, found traveling home during the holidays stressful due to long security lines. After getting a KTN, his trips back to the U.S. became much smoother. According to a survey by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) in 2022, students with KTNs reported a 40% reduction in airport wait times.

7.5. SIXT.VN: Your Partner in Travel Success

These are just a few examples of how a KTN can make a real difference in the travel experience. At SIXT.VN, we’re committed to helping you achieve your travel goals and create unforgettable memories in Vietnam.

Contact SIXT.VN today to book your airport transfer, hotel, or tour and let us take care of the details so you can focus on enjoying your trip to Vietnam. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Website: SIXT.VN.

8. SIXT.VN: Your Gateway to Hassle-Free Travel in Vietnam

Planning a trip to Vietnam can be exciting, but it can also be overwhelming. From arranging transportation to finding the perfect accommodation and exploring the country’s many attractions, there’s a lot to consider. That’s where SIXT.VN comes in.

8.1. Comprehensive Travel Services

SIXT.VN is your one-stop shop for all your travel needs in Vietnam. We offer a comprehensive range of services to make your trip as smooth and enjoyable as possible, including:

• Airport Transfers: Start your trip off right with a comfortable and convenient airport transfer from Noi Bai International Airport (HAN) to your hotel in Hanoi.
• Hotel Bookings: We can help you find the perfect accommodation to suit your needs and budget, from luxury hotels to budget-friendly guesthouses.
• Tours: Explore the best of Hanoi and beyond with our expertly guided tours, taking you to iconic landmarks and hidden gems.
• Car Rentals: Enjoy the freedom and flexibility of exploring Vietnam at your own pace with our reliable car rental services.

8.2. Expert Local Knowledge

Our team of local experts has extensive knowledge of Vietnam and can provide you with valuable insights and recommendations to help you make the most of your trip. Whether you’re looking for the best restaurants, the most interesting attractions, or the most authentic cultural experiences, we can point you in the right direction.

8.3. Personalized Service

At SIXT.VN, we believe that every traveler is unique, and we strive to provide personalized service that meets your specific needs and preferences. Whether you’re traveling solo, as a couple, or with a group, we can tailor our services to ensure that you have an unforgettable experience in Vietnam.

8.4. Commitment to Excellence

We are committed to providing our customers with the highest level of service and quality. From our reliable transportation to our comfortable accommodations and our expertly guided tours, we go above and beyond to ensure that your trip to Vietnam exceeds your expectations.

8.5. Start Planning Your Dream Trip Today

Don’t let the stress of planning a trip to Vietnam hold you back. Contact SIXT.VN today to start planning your dream trip and let us take care of the details so you can focus on enjoying the journey. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Website: SIXT.VN.

9. FAQs About Known Traveler Numbers

Here are some frequently asked questions about Known Traveler Numbers:

9.1. What is a Known Traveler Number (KTN)?

A Known Traveler Number (KTN) is a unique identifier assigned to individuals who have been pre-approved for trusted traveler programs like TSA PreCheck, Global Entry, NEXUS, and SENTRI.

9.2. How do I get a Known Traveler Number?

You can obtain a KTN by applying for a trusted traveler program and undergoing a background check.

9.3. How much does it cost to get a KTN?

The cost varies depending on the program. TSA PreCheck costs $85, Global Entry costs $100, NEXUS costs $50, and SENTRI costs $122.25.

9.4. How long is a KTN valid?

KTNs are typically valid for five years.

9.5. How do I use my KTN?

Enter your KTN when booking flights to receive TSA PreCheck benefits.

9.6. What if my KTN isn’t working?

Double-check that you’ve entered your KTN correctly, that your name matches your trusted traveler program documentation, and that your membership hasn’t expired.

9.7. Can I use my KTN for international travel?

Yes, Global Entry, NEXUS, and SENTRI provide benefits for international travel, including expedited clearance upon arrival in the United States.

9.8. Do children need a KTN?

Yes, children 12 and under can use the TSA PreCheck lane with a parent or guardian who has a KTN. Children 13 and older need their own KTN to use the TSA PreCheck lane.

9.9. What if I forget to add my KTN to my flight reservation?

You may be able to add it to your reservation online or by calling the airline.

9.10. What are the benefits of having a KTN?

Benefits include expedited security screening, shorter wait times, and a smoother travel experience.

10. Final Thoughts: Embrace Stress-Free Travel with SIXT.VN

Obtaining a Known Traveler Number is a smart investment for anyone who wants to enjoy a smoother and more efficient travel experience. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can obtain a KTN and start taking advantage of the many benefits it offers. And when you’re ready to plan your trip to Vietnam, remember that SIXT.VN is here to help.

10.1. Your Trusted Travel Partner

We offer a comprehensive range of travel services to make your trip as seamless and enjoyable as possible. From airport transfers to hotel bookings and tours, we’ve got you covered.

10.2. Contact Us Today

Contact SIXT.VN today to book your airport transfer, hotel, or tour and let us take care of the details so you can focus on enjoying your trip to Vietnam. With a KTN and SIXT.VN by your side, you’ll be well on your way to experiencing the best that Vietnam has to offer. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Website: SIXT.VN.