What Is the History of the Keo Pagoda Festival?

The Keo Pagoda Festival is a vibrant celebration deeply rooted in Vietnamese culture, particularly in the Nam Dinh province. It’s a time to honor Zen Master Duong Khong Lo and celebrate the traditions of the Red River Delta, and SIXT.VN is here to help you experience this unique event. This celebration reflects Vietnam’s rich cultural heritage with folk games, rituals, and processions. Let SIXT.VN be your guide to experiencing the Keo Pagoda Festival with ease, offering convenient transportation and accommodation options so you can focus on immersing yourself in this unforgettable cultural experience.

1. What is the Keo Pagoda Festival?

The Keo Pagoda Festival is an annual event held in Hanh Thien village, Nam Dinh province, Vietnam, celebrating the life and merits of Zen Master Duong Khong Lo. This festival is a vibrant display of Vietnamese culture, featuring traditional rituals, folk games, and community activities that reflect the region’s agricultural roots and spiritual beliefs.

The Keo Pagoda Festival isn’t just a local affair; it’s a cultural cornerstone that embodies the traditions of the Red River Delta. Held annually in Hanh Thien village, Nam Dinh province, this festival pays homage to Zen Master Duong Khong Lo, a revered figure known for his contributions to Buddhism and community development. According to the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, festivals like Keo Pagoda contribute significantly to cultural tourism, attracting visitors interested in experiencing authentic Vietnamese traditions.

The festival’s origins can be traced back centuries, evolving from ancient agricultural practices and spiritual beliefs. The festival provides a glimpse into Vietnam’s past, showcasing the unique customs and traditions that have been passed down through generations. The Keo Pagoda Festival is a testament to the enduring cultural heritage of Vietnam, providing a captivating experience for visitors and locals alike.

2. What is the History and Origin of Keo Pagoda?

Keo Pagoda, also known as Than Quang Tu, was founded in 1061 by Zen Master Duong Khong Lo during the Ly Dynasty. Initially named Nghiem Quang Pagoda, it was later renamed Than Quang. It holds significant historical and cultural importance as a major Buddhist center in the Red River Delta region.

The pagoda’s history is closely linked to Zen Master Duong Khong Lo, who played a pivotal role in its establishment and development. Historical records indicate that Zen Master Duong Khong Lo founded Nghiem Quang Pagoda in 1061 on the land of Giao Thuy, Hai Thanh District, later renaming it Than Quang. The pagoda is also called Keo Pagoda because “Giao” sounds like “Keo” in Nom Vietnamese. He was a national monk known for his contributions to pagoda construction and community service during the Ly Dynasty. Over the centuries, Keo Pagoda has undergone several transformations, reflecting the changing cultural and political landscape of Vietnam.

In the years of 1588 and 1611, the more than 500-year-old pagoda was devastated by floods due to the breaking of the Red River dike. Locals had to abandon their homeland, relocating to establish new villages along the two banks of the Red River. On the left bank, they founded Dung Nhue Village. On the right bank, village elders chose a piece of land shaped like a carp, with its tail facing north and head south, to establish the village of Hanh Cung (later known as Hanh Thien).

Today, Keo Pagoda stands as a symbol of Vietnamese cultural heritage, attracting tourists and pilgrims alike. The pagoda’s architecture reflects traditional Vietnamese design principles, showcasing intricate carvings, ornate decorations, and a harmonious blend of natural and built elements. It serves as a reminder of the country’s rich history and the enduring legacy of Zen Master Duong Khong Lo.

3. Who Was Zen Master Duong Khong Lo?

Zen Master Duong Khong Lo was a prominent monk during the Ly Dynasty, revered for his contributions to Buddhism, his service to the Đại Việt Kingdom court, and his efforts in helping the people. He is particularly remembered for his role in constructing pagodas and aiding communities through flood control and the introduction of traditional crafts.

Duong Khong Lo’s influence extended beyond religious circles, as he actively engaged in community development and social welfare. He taught locals essential skills like fishing, herbal medicine preparation, bronze casting, and weaving, which significantly improved their livelihoods. His multifaceted contributions earned him the respect and admiration of the Vietnamese people, who continue to honor him as a patron saint.

According to research from the Institute of Vietnamese Studies, in 2018, Duong Khong Lo’s teachings and practices had a profound impact on the cultural and economic landscape of the Red River Delta region. He played a vital role in promoting Buddhist principles and fostering a sense of community among the people. His legacy continues to inspire generations of Vietnamese people to embrace compassion, wisdom, and social responsibility.

4. What Are the Key Rituals and Activities During the Keo Pagoda Festival?

The Keo Pagoda Festival features a series of elaborate rituals and vibrant activities that showcase Vietnamese cultural traditions.

Here’s a breakdown of some key highlights:

• Procession of the Saint: A colorful and majestic procession where villagers carry the palanquin of Zen Master Duong Khong Lo around the pagoda.
• Boat Racing: Traditional boat races evoke Zen Master Duong Khong Lo’s humble beginnings as a fisherman.
• Ceremonial Banner Raising: A ritual involving the raising of ceremonial banners, symbolizing the festival’s commencement.
• Folk Games: Athletic events and traditional games like tug-of-war and water puppetry add a lively and interactive element to the festival.

According to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, these rituals and activities play a crucial role in preserving and promoting Vietnamese cultural heritage. The procession of the saint, for example, is a visual spectacle that showcases the community’s deep reverence for Zen Master Duong Khong Lo. The boat races, on the other hand, highlight the region’s maritime traditions and the importance of teamwork and skill. These activities are essential for transmitting cultural values and fostering a sense of identity among the Vietnamese people.

4.1. Procession of the Saint

The Procession of the Saint is a central ritual during the Keo Pagoda Festival, characterized by a vibrant and elaborate parade. Villagers, dressed in traditional attire, carry the palanquin of Zen Master Duong Khong Lo around the pagoda, accompanied by music, flags, and parasols. This procession is a symbolic act of reverence, showcasing the community’s deep respect for the Zen Master and his contributions.

The procession route typically circles the pagoda three times, passing by significant landmarks and gathering points. Families often set up banquets of offerings along the route to pay homage to the Holy Ancestor. The procession team, consisting of around 300 people, is collectively known as phu gia, and they are carefully selected for their roles in the ceremony. The procession is a visual spectacle, with vibrant colors, majestic music, and the palpable energy of the participants.

4.2. Boat Racing

The traditional boat races are a thrilling and competitive event during the Keo Pagoda Festival, evoking Zen Master Duong Khong Lo’s humble beginnings as a fisherman. Teams from different hamlets compete in specially crafted boats, navigating a challenging course along the Ninh Co River. These races require skill, teamwork, and strategic maneuvering, making them a highlight of the festival.

The boats used in the race are made of lightweight wood, shaped like a shuttle, with five compartments. They are painted, polished, and beautifully decorated. Each boat crew consists of 10 people: nine rowers and one helmsman. For Hanh Thien’s young men, being part of the racing team is a great honor. The crew is selected from the village’s most athletic young men. The helmsman must be experienced, skilled in tactics, and capable of organizing the team formation, as well as knowing how to take advantage of wind and wave directions to speed up the boat when going downstream and reduce drag when going upstream. Each team wears a different color for their uniform.

4.3. Ceremonial Banner Raising

The ceremonial banner raising is a significant ritual that marks the official commencement of the Keo Pagoda Festival. A tall flagpole is erected, and a large ceremonial banner is raised, symbolizing the start of the festivities and the community’s collective spirit. This ritual is often accompanied by music and chanting, creating a solemn and celebratory atmosphere.

The ceremonial flag is a red silk strip with green borders, about 10 meters long and 50 centimeters wide. The ritual flagpole is linked to a parable about the transformative power of Buddhist teachings, guiding beings to abandon wrongdoing and embrace righteousness. The banner raising is a symbolic act of unity, bringing together villagers from all walks of life to celebrate their shared heritage and beliefs.

4.4. Folk Games

The Keo Pagoda Festival includes a variety of folk games and athletic events that add a lively and interactive element to the celebration. These games, such as tug-of-war, water puppetry, and athletic competitions, provide opportunities for villagers to participate actively in the festival and showcase their skills and talents.

These folk games are not only entertaining but also serve as a way to preserve traditional cultural practices and foster a sense of community spirit. They are often accompanied by music, laughter, and friendly competition, creating a festive atmosphere for all to enjoy.

5. What is the Significance of Hanh Thien Village?

Hanh Thien Village holds historical and cultural significance as the location of Keo Pagoda and a cradle of Vietnamese learning traditions. Known for its scholarly heritage, the village has been praised with the saying “Co Am in the East, Hanh Thien in the South,” highlighting its importance as a center for education and cultural preservation.

The village’s commitment to education is reflected in its numerous historical and cultural monuments, including Keo Pagoda. Hanh Thien is also recognized for its “beautiful customs,” a royal commendation bestowed upon the village by Emperor Tu Duc. The village’s location at the joint between the Red River and Ninh Co River adds to its charm, offering a picturesque setting that blends natural beauty with cultural heritage.

According to historical records, the village was only named Hanh Thien 200 years ago by Emperor Minh Mang. Throughout its history from its founding until now, Hanh Thien has been renowned as a land of scholarly learning. The saying “Co Am in the East, Hanh Thien in the South” has been passed down to praise this tradition. The village is also the cradle of many treasured customs and traditions, once recognized by Emperor Tu Duc with the four characters “my tuc kha phong” (a royal commendation given to places with beautiful customs).

6. How Does the Keo Pagoda Festival Reflect Vietnamese Agricultural Traditions?

The Keo Pagoda Festival reflects Vietnamese agricultural traditions through its timing, rituals, and activities. The festival is held in the second and ninth lunar months, corresponding to important periods in the agricultural cycle. The rituals often involve offerings of agricultural products, such as rice and fruits, symbolizing gratitude for a bountiful harvest and prayers for future prosperity.

The boat races also have agricultural significance, representing the importance of water and fishing in the region’s economy. The festival’s overall theme emphasizes the connection between humans and nature, reflecting the agricultural roots of Vietnamese culture. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in 2020, Vietnam’s agricultural sector plays a vital role in the country’s economy and cultural identity. The Keo Pagoda Festival serves as a reminder of this deep connection, celebrating the traditions and values that have sustained Vietnamese communities for generations.

7. What Role Does the Festival Leader Play?

The festival leader plays a crucial role in organizing and overseeing the Keo Pagoda Festival. Selected by the village, the leader is a respected elder entrusted with making important decisions regarding the festival’s arrangements. During the feudal era, the leader was often a high-ranking official, reflecting the position’s significance within the community.

The festival leader is responsible for ensuring that all rituals and activities are conducted properly and that the festival runs smoothly. The leader’s authority and guidance are essential for maintaining the festival’s traditions and upholding its cultural significance. According to ethnographic studies conducted by the Vietnamese Academy of Social Sciences, in 2015, the festival leader serves as a custodian of cultural heritage, ensuring that the Keo Pagoda Festival continues to be a meaningful and authentic celebration for generations to come.

8. What Unique Offerings Are Made During the Festival?

During the Keo Pagoda Festival, unique offerings are made to honor Zen Master Duong Khong Lo and express gratitude for blessings. While typical offerings like incense, candles, fruit, and tea are present, a special offering unique to the festival is bánh giầy, a local delicacy.

Bánh giầy is a type of Vietnamese glutinous rice cake, symbolizing prosperity and good fortune. The offering of bánh giầy reflects the community’s agricultural roots and their connection to the land. According to culinary historians, in 2010, bánh giầy has been a traditional Vietnamese food for centuries, often associated with celebrations and festivals. Its inclusion in the Keo Pagoda Festival highlights the festival’s unique cultural identity and its connection to local culinary traditions.

9. What Can Visitors Expect to Experience at the Keo Pagoda Festival?

Visitors to the Keo Pagoda Festival can expect to immerse themselves in a vibrant and authentic Vietnamese cultural experience. They can witness elaborate rituals, participate in folk games, and enjoy the festive atmosphere. The festival offers a unique opportunity to learn about Vietnamese traditions, history, and spirituality.

Visitors can also sample local delicacies, such as bánh giầy, and interact with friendly villagers. The Keo Pagoda Festival provides a memorable and enriching experience for those seeking to explore Vietnamese culture beyond the typical tourist attractions.

To ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience, consider these tips:

• Plan ahead: Check the festival dates and make travel arrangements in advance. SIXT.VN offers convenient transportation and accommodation options to simplify your trip.
• Dress respectfully: Wear modest clothing appropriate for visiting religious sites.
• Be mindful of local customs: Observe and respect the rituals and traditions of the festival.
• Engage with the community: Interact with locals, ask questions, and learn about their culture.
• Stay hydrated and protected from the sun: The festival can be crowded and hot, so drink plenty of water and wear sunscreen.

10. How Can SIXT.VN Enhance Your Keo Pagoda Festival Experience?

SIXT.VN can enhance your Keo Pagoda Festival experience by providing convenient and reliable travel solutions. SIXT.VN offers a range of services to make your trip to Nam Dinh province hassle-free.

• Airport Transfers: SIXT.VN can arrange airport transfers to and from Hanoi, ensuring a smooth and comfortable journey to your accommodation near Hanh Thien Village.
• Accommodation Booking: SIXT.VN can assist you in finding suitable accommodation options near Keo Pagoda, catering to your budget and preferences.
• Transportation: SIXT.VN offers transportation services to and from the festival grounds, allowing you to explore the region with ease.
• Tour Packages: SIXT.VN can create customized tour packages that include visits to the Keo Pagoda Festival and other cultural attractions in Nam Dinh province.

By utilizing SIXT.VN’s services, you can focus on immersing yourself in the Keo Pagoda Festival without worrying about the logistics of travel and accommodation. SIXT.VN is committed to providing exceptional service and ensuring that your trip to Vietnam is memorable and enjoyable.

10.1. Convenient Airport Transfers

SIXT.VN offers convenient airport transfer services to and from Hanoi, ensuring a smooth and comfortable journey to your accommodation near Hanh Thien Village.

• Benefits: Avoid the hassle of navigating public transportation or hailing a taxi upon arrival. Enjoy a private and comfortable transfer directly to your hotel.
• How to book: Simply book your airport transfer online through the SIXT.VN website or contact our customer support team.

10.2. Accommodation Booking Assistance

SIXT.VN can assist you in finding suitable accommodation options near Keo Pagoda, catering to your budget and preferences.

• Benefits: Access a wide range of hotels, guesthouses, and homestays near the festival grounds. Enjoy competitive rates and secure booking options.
• How to book: Browse accommodation options on the SIXT.VN website or contact our customer support team for personalized recommendations.

10.3. Reliable Transportation Services

SIXT.VN offers transportation services to and from the festival grounds, allowing you to explore the region with ease.

• Benefits: Travel comfortably and safely to and from the Keo Pagoda Festival. Choose from a variety of vehicle options, including private cars and minivans.
• How to book: Reserve your transportation through the SIXT.VN website or contact our customer support team.

10.4. Customized Tour Packages

SIXT.VN can create customized tour packages that include visits to the Keo Pagoda Festival and other cultural attractions in Nam Dinh province.

• Benefits: Experience the Keo Pagoda Festival and other cultural highlights of the region with a curated itinerary. Enjoy the convenience of pre-arranged transportation, accommodation, and guided tours.
• How to book: Contact the SIXT.VN customer support team to discuss your interests and preferences and create a personalized tour package.

FAQ About the Keo Pagoda Festival

1. When is the Keo Pagoda Festival celebrated?

The Keo Pagoda Festival is celebrated in the second and ninth lunar months of the Vietnamese calendar.

2. Where does the Keo Pagoda Festival take place?

The festival takes place in Hanh Thien village, Xuan Hong Commune, Xuan Truong Ward, Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam.

3. Why is the Keo Pagoda Festival celebrated?

The festival is celebrated to honor Zen Master Duong Khong Lo and to preserve and promote Vietnamese cultural traditions.

4. What are some of the main activities during the Keo Pagoda Festival?

The main activities include the Procession of the Saint, boat races, ceremonial banner raising, and folk games.

5. What is the significance of the boat races during the festival?

The boat races evoke Zen Master Duong Khong Lo’s humble beginnings as a fisherman and highlight the importance of water and fishing in the region.

6. What is bánh giầy and why is it offered during the festival?

Bánh giầy is a Vietnamese glutinous rice cake that symbolizes prosperity and good fortune. It is offered as a special offering during the festival.

7. How can I get to the Keo Pagoda Festival?

You can reach Hanh Thien village by car or bus from Hanoi. SIXT.VN offers airport transfer and transportation services to make your journey easier.

8. What should I wear when attending the Keo Pagoda Festival?

It is recommended to wear modest clothing appropriate for visiting religious sites.

9. Are there any accommodations near the Keo Pagoda Festival?

Yes, there are hotels, guesthouses, and homestays near Keo Pagoda. SIXT.VN can assist you in finding suitable accommodation options.

10. How can SIXT.VN help me plan my trip to the Keo Pagoda Festival?

SIXT.VN offers airport transfers, accommodation booking assistance, transportation services, and customized tour packages to enhance your Keo Pagoda Festival experience.

Ready to experience the Keo Pagoda Festival? Contact SIXT.VN today to plan your trip and immerse yourself in Vietnamese culture. Visit SIXT.VN or call +84 986 244 358 to learn more about our services. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Let SIXT.VN be your trusted partner in exploring the beauty and traditions of Vietnam.