How Is the “Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity” Status of Xoan Singing Maintained?

Xoan singing, a treasured Vietnamese cultural heritage, maintains its “Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity” status through dedicated preservation efforts, promotion, and community involvement, and SIXT.VN is here to guide you through experiencing this vibrant art form. By supporting cultural tourism and providing seamless travel experiences, SIXT.VN helps ensure that traditions like Xoan singing continue to thrive for generations to come. Explore Vietnamese heritage and culture through our travel services, cultural tours and heritage preservation initiatives.

1. What is Xoan Singing and Why is it Important?

Xoan singing, also known as Hat Xoan, is a unique and ancient Vietnamese performing art form originating from Phu Tho province. It’s not just music; it’s a vibrant blend of singing, dancing, drumming, and clapper beating, deeply intertwined with the worship of the Hung Kings, the legendary founders of Vietnam. As a cornerstone of Vietnamese culture, Xoan singing fosters community spirit, preserves historical narratives, and provides a powerful link to the nation’s heritage.

Alt: Traditional Xoan singing performance at Hung Kings Temple Festival, Phu Tho, with performers in traditional costumes and instruments.

1.1. Understanding the Significance of Xoan Singing

Xoan singing is more than just entertainment; it’s a cultural practice with deep historical and spiritual roots. The art form connects communities to their past and reinforces social bonds.

• Historical Significance: Xoan singing is believed to date back to the Hung Kings period, making it a living testament to Vietnam’s ancient history.
• Spiritual Significance: The performances are often part of rituals and ceremonies honoring the Hung Kings, seeking blessings for prosperity and peace.
• Social Significance: Xoan singing promotes community cohesion, providing a platform for people to come together, share stories, and celebrate their shared identity.

1.2. Why UNESCO Recognition Matters

In 2011, UNESCO recognized Xoan singing as an Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. This recognition brought international attention to the art form, highlighting its vulnerability and the need for dedicated preservation efforts. In 2017, thanks to significant efforts, Xoan Singing was removed from the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding and inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

• Increased Awareness: UNESCO recognition raises global awareness about Xoan singing and its cultural importance.
• Financial Support: It opens doors to funding and resources for preservation projects.
• Community Pride: The recognition instills a sense of pride and responsibility among local communities to protect and promote their heritage.

2. What Are the Key Factors in Maintaining Xoan Singing’s UNESCO Status?

Maintaining Xoan singing’s prestigious UNESCO status requires a multi-faceted approach. It involves the active participation of local communities, government support, educational initiatives, and the promotion of cultural tourism. According to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Vietnam, cultural heritage preservation relies on the synergy between community involvement and state support.

2.1. Community Involvement and Transmission

The heart of Xoan singing’s preservation lies within the communities of Phu Tho. The four Xoan guilds (or ” phường”) are instrumental in keeping the tradition alive.

• The Role of the “Trùm”: The “Trùm” (guild leaders) are key figures. They are responsible for preserving the songs, selecting and training students, and organizing practices.
• Oral Transmission: Knowledge and skills are primarily passed down orally from experienced artists to younger generations.
• Community Performances: Regular performances in local festivals and events ensure the art form remains visible and relevant.

2.2. Government Support and Policies

The Vietnamese government plays a crucial role in supporting the preservation of Xoan singing through various policies and initiatives.

• Financial Assistance: Providing funding for training programs, performances, and research.
• Infrastructure Development: Investing in cultural centers and performance spaces.
• Legal Framework: Enacting laws and regulations to protect cultural heritage.

2.3. Education and Awareness Programs

Raising awareness about Xoan singing among the younger generation is essential for its long-term survival.

• Integrating Xoan Singing into School Curricula: Introducing the art form to students in schools.
• Workshops and Seminars: Organizing educational events to promote understanding and appreciation.
• Media Campaigns: Utilizing media to showcase Xoan singing and its cultural significance.

2.4. Cultural Tourism and Sustainable Development

Promoting cultural tourism can provide economic incentives for preserving Xoan singing.

• Creating Tourism Products: Developing tours and experiences that showcase Xoan singing.
• Supporting Local Artisans: Encouraging the production and sale of traditional crafts related to Xoan singing.
• Ensuring Sustainable Practices: Managing tourism in a way that respects the cultural and environmental integrity of the region.

3. How Are Xoan Guilds (Phường Xoan) Organized and What Are Their Responsibilities?

The Xoan guilds, or “Phường Xoan,” are the cornerstone of Xoan singing’s preservation. Each guild is a community of performers dedicated to maintaining and transmitting the art form. According to the Vietnam National Academy of Music, these guilds are essential for the continuity of traditional music.

3.1. Structure of a Xoan Guild

Each guild typically consists of a group of male and female performers, led by the “Trùm.”

• The “Trùm”: The leaders of the guild, responsible for preserving the songs, teaching new members, and organizing performances.
• Male Performers: Play musical instruments, sing, and dance.
• Female Performers: Primarily sing and dance.

3.2. Key Responsibilities of Xoan Guilds

The guilds have several crucial responsibilities in preserving Xoan singing.

• Preserving the Repertoire: Maintaining a comprehensive collection of Xoan songs and musical pieces.
• Training New Performers: Teaching the songs, dances, and musical techniques to younger generations.
• Organizing Performances: Arranging performances for festivals, ceremonies, and cultural events.
• Promoting the Art Form: Raising awareness about Xoan singing and its cultural significance.

3.3. How Guilds Adapt to Modern Times

While preserving tradition is crucial, Xoan guilds also adapt to modern times to ensure the art form remains relevant.

• Using Technology: Utilizing audio and video recordings to document and share Xoan singing.
• Collaborating with Other Artists: Working with contemporary musicians and artists to create new interpretations of Xoan singing.
• Engaging with Social Media: Using social media platforms to reach a wider audience and promote Xoan singing.

4. What Specific Steps Have Been Taken to Safeguard Xoan Singing?

Numerous concrete steps have been taken to safeguard Xoan singing, ensuring its survival and continued vibrancy. These efforts range from documenting the art form to supporting the artists who keep it alive.

4.1. Documentation and Research

Documenting Xoan singing is essential for preserving its history and ensuring its accuracy.

• Collecting Songs and Melodies: The Vietnamese Institute for Musicology has collected 31 Xoan songs, creating a valuable archive.
• Recording Performances: Audio and video recordings capture the nuances of Xoan singing, preserving its authenticity.
• Conducting Research: Scholars study the history, cultural significance, and musical structure of Xoan singing.

4.2. Support for Xoan Artists

Providing support for Xoan artists is crucial for their ability to continue practicing and teaching the art form.

• Financial Assistance: Providing grants and stipends to support artists’ livelihoods.
• Training Programs: Offering workshops and classes to enhance artists’ skills.
• Performance Opportunities: Creating platforms for artists to showcase their talent.

4.3. Community Engagement Initiatives

Engaging the community is vital for fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility for preserving Xoan singing.

• Community Workshops: Organizing workshops to teach community members about Xoan singing.
• School Programs: Introducing Xoan singing to students in local schools.
• Festivals and Events: Incorporating Xoan singing into community festivals and events.

4.4. Legal and Policy Measures

Enacting laws and policies to protect Xoan singing ensures its long-term survival.

• Cultural Heritage Laws: Implementing laws that protect Xoan singing as a cultural heritage.
• Regulations on Performances: Establishing guidelines for authentic and respectful performances.
• Protection of Traditional Sites: Preserving the historical sites associated with Xoan singing.

5. How Can Cultural Tourism Contribute to the Preservation of Xoan Singing?

Cultural tourism can be a powerful tool for preserving Xoan singing, providing economic incentives and raising awareness among a wider audience. According to a report by the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, cultural tourism significantly boosts local economies and promotes heritage preservation.

5.1. Creating Authentic Tourism Experiences

Offering tourists genuine and immersive experiences can help them appreciate the cultural value of Xoan singing.

• Live Performances: Organizing live Xoan singing performances for tourists.
• Workshops and Classes: Offering tourists the opportunity to learn about Xoan singing and try their hand at singing or playing instruments.
• Homestay Experiences: Arranging homestays with local families who practice Xoan singing.

5.2. Generating Economic Benefits

Cultural tourism can generate revenue that can be reinvested in Xoan singing preservation efforts.

• Supporting Local Businesses: Encouraging tourists to purchase local crafts and products related to Xoan singing.
• Creating Employment Opportunities: Providing jobs for local residents in the tourism industry.
• Funding Preservation Projects: Allocating a portion of tourism revenue to support Xoan singing preservation projects.

5.3. Promoting Cultural Exchange

Cultural tourism fosters understanding and appreciation between different cultures.

• Raising Awareness: Educating tourists about the history, cultural significance, and challenges facing Xoan singing.
• Encouraging Respectful Behavior: Promoting responsible tourism practices that respect the local culture and environment.
• Building Bridges: Facilitating dialogue and exchange between local communities and international visitors.

5.4. SIXT.VN: Your Gateway to Experiencing Xoan Singing

SIXT.VN is committed to providing you with seamless travel experiences that allow you to explore the rich cultural heritage of Vietnam, including Xoan singing.

• Customized Tours: We offer tailored tours that include visits to Phu Tho province and opportunities to witness authentic Xoan singing performances.
• Accommodation: We can arrange comfortable and convenient accommodations near the Xoan singing communities.
• Transportation: We provide reliable transportation services to ensure you can easily access the cultural sites and events.

6. What Are the Challenges in Preserving Xoan Singing?

Despite the dedicated efforts, preserving Xoan singing faces several challenges that need to be addressed.

6.1. Aging Performers

Many of the experienced Xoan artists are aging, and there is a risk of losing their knowledge and skills if younger generations do not step up.

• Lack of Young Performers: Attracting young people to learn and practice Xoan singing can be difficult due to competing interests.
• Limited Resources for Training: Providing adequate resources for training young performers is essential.
• Need for Mentorship Programs: Connecting experienced artists with young apprentices can facilitate knowledge transfer.

6.2. Changing Social Values

Modern lifestyles and changing social values can make it difficult to maintain traditional cultural practices.

• Urbanization: Migration to urban areas can lead to a disconnect from traditional culture.
• Influence of Western Culture: Exposure to Western culture can diminish interest in traditional arts.
• Need for Cultural Promotion: Promoting the value and relevance of Xoan singing in contemporary society is crucial.

6.3. Financial Constraints

Securing adequate funding for preservation efforts can be a challenge.

• Limited Government Funding: Government funding for cultural preservation may be insufficient.
• Need for Private Investment: Attracting private investment and philanthropic support is essential.
• Sustainable Funding Models: Developing sustainable funding models that generate revenue for preservation projects.

6.4. Maintaining Authenticity

Balancing preservation with modernization can be tricky.

• Risk of Commercialization: Over-commercialization of Xoan singing can dilute its cultural significance.
• Need for Ethical Tourism: Promoting responsible tourism practices that respect the authenticity of the art form.
• Preserving Traditional Practices: Ensuring that performances and training programs adhere to traditional methods.

7. How Is Technology Being Used to Preserve and Promote Xoan Singing?

Technology is playing an increasingly important role in preserving and promoting Xoan singing.

7.1. Digital Archives

Creating digital archives of Xoan songs, performances, and historical documents ensures their long-term preservation.

• Digitizing Recordings: Converting audio and video recordings into digital formats.
• Creating Online Databases: Developing online databases that make these resources accessible to researchers, artists, and the public.
• Ensuring Data Security: Implementing measures to protect digital archives from loss or damage.

7.2. Online Education

Online platforms can be used to teach Xoan singing to a wider audience.

• Creating Online Courses: Developing online courses that teach the history, music, and performance techniques of Xoan singing.
• Offering Virtual Workshops: Hosting virtual workshops and seminars led by experienced Xoan artists.
• Reaching a Global Audience: Making Xoan singing education accessible to people around the world.

7.3. Social Media Promotion

Social media platforms can be used to raise awareness about Xoan singing and engage with new audiences.

• Sharing Performances: Posting videos of Xoan singing performances on social media.
• Creating Engaging Content: Developing informative and engaging content about the history and cultural significance of Xoan singing.
• Reaching New Audiences: Using social media to reach younger audiences and people who may not be familiar with Xoan singing.

7.4. Virtual Reality (VR) Experiences

VR technology can create immersive experiences that allow people to experience Xoan singing in a new way.

• Creating Virtual Performances: Developing VR experiences that transport viewers to a live Xoan singing performance.
• Interactive Learning: Using VR to create interactive learning experiences that teach about the history and cultural context of Xoan singing.
• Preserving Cultural Heritage: Using VR to document and preserve traditional performance spaces and costumes.

8. What Role Do International Organizations Play in Supporting Xoan Singing?

International organizations, such as UNESCO, play a vital role in supporting the preservation of Xoan singing.

8.1. UNESCO’s Recognition and Support

UNESCO’s recognition of Xoan singing as an Intangible Cultural Heritage has been instrumental in raising awareness and mobilizing resources for its preservation.

• Raising Awareness: UNESCO’s recognition brings international attention to Xoan singing.
• Providing Funding: UNESCO provides funding for preservation projects.
• Offering Technical Assistance: UNESCO offers technical assistance and expertise to support preservation efforts.

8.2. Collaboration with Other Organizations

UNESCO collaborates with other international organizations to support the preservation of cultural heritage.

• Partnering with NGOs: Collaborating with non-governmental organizations that are working to preserve cultural heritage.
• Working with Governments: Partnering with governments to develop and implement cultural preservation policies.
• Supporting Research Institutions: Funding research institutions that are studying cultural heritage.

8.3. Promoting Cultural Exchange

International organizations promote cultural exchange to foster understanding and appreciation between different cultures.

• Organizing Cultural Events: Hosting cultural events that showcase Xoan singing and other forms of Vietnamese culture.
• Facilitating Artist Exchanges: Supporting artist exchanges that allow Xoan singers to perform and collaborate with artists from other countries.
• Promoting Intercultural Dialogue: Fostering dialogue and exchange between different cultures to promote understanding and respect.

9. How Can You Experience and Support Xoan Singing on Your Next Trip to Vietnam?

Planning a trip to Vietnam offers a unique opportunity to experience and support Xoan singing firsthand.

9.1. Visiting Phu Tho Province

Phu Tho province is the heartland of Xoan singing, offering the most authentic experiences.

• Attending Festivals: Plan your visit to coincide with local festivals where Xoan singing is performed.
• Visiting Xoan Guilds: Contact the Xoan guilds to arrange a visit and learn about their work.
• Exploring Local Villages: Explore the villages where Xoan singing is practiced and interact with local communities.

9.2. Taking a Xoan Singing Workshop

Several organizations offer workshops where you can learn about Xoan singing and try your hand at performing.

• Finding Reputable Workshops: Research and choose a reputable workshop that is led by experienced Xoan artists.
• Learning Basic Techniques: Learn the basic singing, dancing, and instrumental techniques of Xoan singing.
• Supporting Local Artists: Your participation in these workshops supports the livelihoods of local artists.

9.3. Supporting Local Artisans

Purchasing local crafts and products related to Xoan singing helps support the local economy and preserve traditional skills.

• Buying Souvenirs: Look for souvenirs that are made by local artisans and reflect the themes and motifs of Xoan singing.
• Visiting Craft Markets: Explore local craft markets and fairs to find unique and authentic products.
• Supporting Fair Trade: Choose products that are made according to fair trade principles.

9.4. Booking with SIXT.VN

SIXT.VN can help you plan your trip to Vietnam and create a customized itinerary that includes opportunities to experience and support Xoan singing.

• Customized Tours: We offer tailored tours that include visits to Phu Tho province and opportunities to witness authentic Xoan singing performances.
• Accommodation: We can arrange comfortable and convenient accommodations near the Xoan singing communities.
• Transportation: We provide reliable transportation services to ensure you can easily access the cultural sites and events.

10. What is the Future Outlook for Xoan Singing?

The future of Xoan singing depends on continued efforts to preserve, promote, and adapt the art form to modern times.

10.1. Continued Preservation Efforts

Sustained preservation efforts are essential for ensuring the long-term survival of Xoan singing.

• Supporting Xoan Guilds: Providing ongoing support for the Xoan guilds and their work.
• Documenting and Researching: Continuing to document and research Xoan singing.
• Protecting Traditional Sites: Preserving the historical sites associated with Xoan singing.

10.2. Engaging Younger Generations

Attracting younger generations to learn and practice Xoan singing is crucial for its future.

• Integrating into Education: Integrating Xoan singing into school curricula.
• Creating Youth Programs: Developing youth programs that introduce young people to the art form.
• Using Technology: Utilizing technology to engage younger audiences and make Xoan singing more accessible.

10.3. Sustainable Tourism

Developing sustainable tourism practices that benefit local communities and preserve the authenticity of Xoan singing is essential.

• Promoting Responsible Tourism: Encouraging tourists to be respectful of local culture and environment.
• Supporting Local Businesses: Ensuring that tourism revenue benefits local businesses and communities.
• Protecting Cultural Heritage: Implementing measures to protect cultural heritage sites and practices from over-commercialization.

10.4. Adapting to Modern Times

Finding ways to adapt Xoan singing to modern times while preserving its authenticity is crucial.

• Collaborating with Contemporary Artists: Working with contemporary musicians and artists to create new interpretations of Xoan singing.
• Using Technology: Utilizing technology to enhance performances and reach wider audiences.
• Maintaining Traditional Values: Ensuring that adaptations respect the traditional values and cultural significance of Xoan singing.

By embracing these strategies, we can ensure that Xoan singing continues to thrive as a vibrant and integral part of Vietnamese culture for generations to come. With SIXT.VN, embark on a cultural journey that celebrates and supports the rich heritage of Vietnam, ensuring these traditions are cherished and preserved for future generations. Contact us today at +84 986 244 358 or visit our website at SIXT.VN to start planning your unforgettable cultural adventure. Our address is 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.

FAQ: Preserving the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Xoan Singing

• What is Xoan Singing? Xoan Singing, or Hat Xoan, is a traditional Vietnamese performing art from Phu Tho province, blending singing, dancing, drumming, and clapper beating, deeply rooted in the worship of the Hung Kings.
• Why is Xoan Singing considered an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity? UNESCO recognizes Xoan Singing for its cultural significance, historical depth, and role in fostering community cohesion, highlighting its need for preservation and promotion.
• How are the Xoan guilds (phường Xoan) structured? Each guild is led by a Trùm, with male and female performers responsible for preserving songs, training new members, organizing performances, and promoting the art form.
• What steps have been taken to safeguard Xoan Singing? Efforts include documenting songs, supporting artists financially, engaging communities through workshops, enacting cultural heritage laws, and promoting ethical tourism.
• How does cultural tourism contribute to preserving Xoan Singing? Cultural tourism generates revenue, creates jobs, and promotes cultural exchange, supporting local artisans and funding preservation projects.
• What challenges does Xoan Singing face in modern times? Challenges include aging performers, changing social values, financial constraints, and maintaining authenticity amid modernization.
• How is technology being used to preserve and promote Xoan Singing? Technology aids in creating digital archives, offering online education, promoting through social media, and creating virtual reality experiences.
• What role do international organizations play in supporting Xoan Singing? Organizations like UNESCO provide recognition, funding, technical assistance, and promote cultural exchange to support preservation efforts.
• How can I experience and support Xoan Singing on my next trip to Vietnam? Visit Phu Tho province, attend festivals, participate in workshops, support local artisans, and book tours with SIXT.VN to experience and contribute to preserving this heritage.
• What is the future outlook for Xoan Singing? The future depends on continued preservation efforts, engaging younger generations, promoting sustainable tourism, and adapting to modern times while maintaining authenticity.