Are Mosquitoes or Dengue Fever a Concern? Should I Use Repellent?

Are mosquitoes and the risk of dengue fever on your mind as you plan your trip to Vietnam? Wondering if you should pack that insect repellent? At SIXT.VN, we understand your concerns and are here to help you navigate the world of travel health so you can enjoy your Vietnamese adventure with peace of mind. This comprehensive guide will provide you with the information you need about mosquitoes, dengue fever, and the use of repellents in Vietnam, especially in Hanoi. With our expert advice, you can confidently explore the beautiful landscapes and vibrant culture of Vietnam while staying protected from potential health risks. Our SIXT.VN services such as airport transfers, hotel bookings, and tours will help you enjoy the beauty of Vietnam without any worries.

1. Understanding the Mosquito Situation in Vietnam

Are mosquitoes a significant presence in Vietnam? Should you anticipate encountering them frequently during your travels?

Yes, mosquitoes are prevalent in Vietnam, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Knowing when and where they are most active can help you plan your activities and take necessary precautions. Vietnam’s climate creates favorable breeding conditions for mosquitoes, particularly during the rainy season (May to October). In urban areas like Hanoi, mosquitoes can be found year-round, though their numbers typically increase during the warmer, wetter months. Coastal regions and rural areas with dense vegetation also tend to have higher mosquito populations.

1.1 Peak Mosquito Activity Times

When are mosquitoes most active in Vietnam? Should you adjust your schedule to avoid them?

Mosquitoes are generally most active during dawn and dusk. Avoiding outdoor activities during these times can significantly reduce your risk of mosquito bites. Many mosquito species, including those that transmit dengue fever, are most active in the early morning and late afternoon. Planning indoor activities or taking extra precautions, such as using repellent and wearing protective clothing, during these peak times can help minimize your exposure.

1.2 Regional Variations in Mosquito Prevalence

Does the prevalence of mosquitoes vary across different regions of Vietnam? Should you consider this when planning your itinerary?

Yes, mosquito prevalence varies significantly across Vietnam. Coastal and Mekong Delta regions have higher mosquito populations due to their humid climates and abundant water sources. Urban areas, like Hanoi, also experience high mosquito activity, particularly during the rainy season. Mountainous regions generally have fewer mosquitoes due to the cooler temperatures and less standing water. When planning your itinerary, consider the regional variations in mosquito prevalence and adjust your precautions accordingly.

2. Dengue Fever in Vietnam: Assessing the Risk

Is dengue fever a real concern in Vietnam? Should you be aware of the risks and symptoms?

Dengue fever is a significant health concern in Vietnam. Being aware of the risks and taking preventive measures is crucial for a safe and enjoyable trip. According to the Vietnamese Ministry of Health, dengue fever is endemic in Vietnam, with cases reported throughout the year. The peak season for dengue transmission is typically during the rainy months, from May to October. Understanding the symptoms and seeking prompt medical attention if you suspect you have dengue fever is essential for effective treatment and recovery.

2.1 Understanding Dengue Fever Transmission

How is dengue fever transmitted? Should you know the specific mosquito species involved?

Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes are day-biters, meaning they are most active during daylight hours. Unlike mosquitoes that breed in stagnant water, Aedes mosquitoes often lay their eggs in artificial containers around homes and urban areas, such as flower pots, discarded tires, and water storage containers. Understanding how dengue fever is transmitted is crucial for implementing effective prevention strategies, such as using repellent, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating breeding sites around your accommodation.

2.2 Dengue Fever Symptoms and What to Do

What are the symptoms of dengue fever? What steps should you take if you suspect you have it?

The symptoms of dengue fever can vary, but common signs include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and nausea. If you experience these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. The early symptoms of dengue fever often mimic those of other viral infections, so it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, which can be life-threatening. Early diagnosis and appropriate medical care can significantly reduce the risk of complications and ensure a full recovery.

2.3 Regional Dengue Fever Hotspots in Vietnam

Are there specific regions in Vietnam where dengue fever is more prevalent? Should you be extra cautious in these areas?

Yes, dengue fever is more prevalent in certain regions of Vietnam, particularly in the south and Mekong Delta. These areas have higher mosquito populations and favorable conditions for dengue transmission. Travelers visiting these regions should be extra cautious and take all necessary precautions to prevent mosquito bites. Coastal cities and densely populated urban areas also tend to have higher dengue fever rates. Checking local health advisories and staying informed about the current dengue fever situation in your destination can help you make informed decisions and protect your health.

3. Insect Repellents: Your Shield Against Mosquitoes and Dengue Fever

Should you use insect repellent in Vietnam? What are the recommended types and how should you apply them?

Yes, using insect repellent is highly recommended in Vietnam to protect yourself from mosquito bites and reduce the risk of dengue fever. Repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) are effective and widely available. When applying repellent, follow the product instructions carefully. Apply it to exposed skin and clothing, avoiding the eyes and mouth. Reapply every few hours, especially after sweating or swimming. Using insect repellent is a simple yet effective way to safeguard your health while exploring Vietnam.

3.1 Choosing the Right Insect Repellent

What are the best insect repellents to use in Vietnam? Should you consider the concentration of active ingredients?

The best insect repellents for use in Vietnam contain DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE). DEET is a widely used and highly effective repellent, with concentrations ranging from 10% to 30% providing adequate protection for most situations. Picaridin is another effective option that is less irritating to the skin and has a milder odor than DEET. OLE is a natural repellent that can provide protection similar to low concentrations of DEET. When choosing a repellent, consider the duration of protection you need and the potential for skin sensitivity. Always follow the product instructions and reapply as needed.

3.2 Safe Application of Insect Repellent

How should you apply insect repellent safely? Are there any precautions you should take, especially for children?

To apply insect repellent safely, follow these guidelines:

• Read and follow the product instructions carefully.
• Apply repellent to exposed skin and clothing, avoiding the eyes and mouth.
• Do not apply repellent to cuts, wounds, or irritated skin.
• When applying repellent to children, spray it on your hands first and then apply it to the child’s skin. Avoid applying repellent to a child’s hands, as they may put their hands in their mouth.
• Do not use products containing OLE on children under 3 years old.
• Reapply repellent every few hours, especially after sweating or swimming.
• Wash your hands after applying repellent.

3.3 Natural Alternatives to Chemical Repellents

Are there any natural insect repellents that are effective? Should you rely on them for adequate protection?

While natural insect repellents may offer some protection, they are generally not as effective as chemical repellents like DEET or picaridin. Some natural options include oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE), citronella, and neem oil. If you choose to use a natural repellent, apply it frequently and be aware that it may not provide the same level of protection as chemical repellents. It’s also important to note that some natural repellents may cause skin irritation in some individuals. Always test a small area of skin before applying it to larger areas.

4. Additional Protective Measures Against Mosquito Bites

What other steps can you take to protect yourself from mosquito bites in Vietnam? Should you consider clothing, accommodation, and mosquito nets?

In addition to using insect repellent, several other measures can help protect you from mosquito bites in Vietnam:

• Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, especially during dawn and dusk.
• Choose accommodation with air conditioning or window and door screens.
• Use a mosquito net if you are sleeping in a non-air-conditioned room or outdoors.
• Avoid areas with stagnant water, where mosquitoes breed.
• Consider treating your clothing with permethrin, an insecticide that kills mosquitoes and other insects.

4.1 Clothing and Gear Recommendations

What type of clothing and gear should you pack to minimize mosquito bites? Should you consider permethrin-treated clothing?

When packing for your trip to Vietnam, include lightweight, long-sleeved shirts and long pants to minimize exposed skin. Light-colored clothing is also recommended, as mosquitoes are attracted to dark colors. Consider treating your clothing with permethrin, an insecticide that kills mosquitoes and other insects on contact. Permethrin-treated clothing can provide protection for several washings. You can also purchase pre-treated clothing and gear from outdoor retailers.

4.2 Choosing Mosquito-Safe Accommodation

How can you choose accommodation that minimizes your risk of mosquito bites? Should you prioritize air conditioning and screens?

When booking accommodation in Vietnam, prioritize options with air conditioning or window and door screens. Air conditioning helps keep mosquitoes out of your room, while screens prevent them from entering through open windows and doors. If you are staying in a non-air-conditioned room or outdoors, use a mosquito net to protect yourself while sleeping. Check reviews and ask about mosquito control measures when booking your accommodation.

4.3 The Importance of Mosquito Nets

When should you use a mosquito net? What features should you look for when buying one?

Using a mosquito net is essential when sleeping in non-air-conditioned rooms or outdoors in Vietnam. Choose a net that is compact, white, rectangular, with 156 holes per square inch, and long enough to tuck under the mattress. Permethrin-treated mosquito nets provide more protection than untreated nets, as they kill mosquitoes and other insects on contact. Buy a mosquito net at your local outdoor store or online before traveling overseas.

5. Seeking Medical Advice and Treatment in Vietnam

What should you do if you suspect you have dengue fever or another mosquito-borne illness? Where can you seek medical advice and treatment in Vietnam?

If you suspect you have dengue fever or another mosquito-borne illness, seek medical attention immediately. Many hospitals and clinics in Vietnam offer diagnostic testing and treatment for these diseases. International hospitals and clinics in major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City provide high-quality medical care and English-speaking staff. You can also contact your embassy or consulate for assistance in finding medical care.

5.1 Recognizing Symptoms and Seeking Prompt Diagnosis

What are the key symptoms to watch out for? How quickly should you seek medical attention if you experience them?

The key symptoms of dengue fever include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and nausea. If you experience these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of complications and ensure a full recovery. Don’t delay seeking medical care, as dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, which can be life-threatening.

5.2 Navigating the Vietnamese Healthcare System

What can you expect when seeking medical care in Vietnam? Are there any cultural considerations to keep in mind?

When seeking medical care in Vietnam, you can expect to find a range of healthcare providers, from public hospitals to private clinics and international hospitals. Public hospitals are generally more affordable but may have longer wait times and fewer English-speaking staff. Private clinics and international hospitals offer higher-quality care and English-speaking staff but may be more expensive. It’s essential to have travel insurance that covers medical expenses in Vietnam. When interacting with healthcare providers, be respectful and patient, and don’t hesitate to ask questions to ensure you understand your diagnosis and treatment plan.

5.3 Travel Insurance and Health Precautions

Why is travel insurance essential? What health precautions should you take before and during your trip to Vietnam?

Travel insurance is essential for covering medical expenses, trip cancellations, and other unexpected events during your trip to Vietnam. Before your trip, consult your doctor about recommended vaccinations and medications, including those for mosquito-borne illnesses. During your trip, take all necessary precautions to prevent mosquito bites, such as using repellent, wearing protective clothing, and sleeping under a mosquito net. Stay informed about the local health situation and follow any advisories issued by health authorities.

6. Debunking Mosquito and Dengue Fever Myths

What are some common misconceptions about mosquitoes and dengue fever? Should you rely on unverified information?

There are many myths and misconceptions about mosquitoes and dengue fever. Here are a few common ones:

• Myth: Mosquitoes are only active at night. Fact: Some mosquito species, including those that transmit dengue fever, are most active during the day.
• Myth: Natural repellents are as effective as chemical repellents. Fact: Natural repellents may offer some protection, but they are generally not as effective as chemical repellents like DEET or picaridin.
• Myth: Dengue fever is not a serious illness. Fact: Dengue fever can be a severe and even life-threatening illness, especially if it progresses to dengue hemorrhagic fever.
• Myth: Only certain people are at risk of dengue fever. Fact: Anyone can get dengue fever if they are bitten by an infected mosquito.

Don’t rely on unverified information about mosquitoes and dengue fever. Always consult reliable sources, such as health authorities and medical professionals, for accurate and up-to-date information.

6.1 Common Misconceptions About Mosquitoes

What are some widely held but inaccurate beliefs about mosquito behavior and prevention?

One common misconception is that mosquitoes are only attracted to people with “sweet blood.” In reality, mosquitoes are attracted to a combination of factors, including carbon dioxide, body odor, and heat. Another myth is that citronella candles are an effective mosquito repellent. While citronella may provide some localized protection, it is not as effective as other repellents like DEET or picaridin. It’s also a misconception that bats and birds can effectively control mosquito populations. While these animals do eat mosquitoes, they are not a reliable form of mosquito control.

6.2 Separating Fact from Fiction About Dengue Fever

How can you distinguish accurate information from misinformation about dengue fever risks and treatment?

To separate fact from fiction about dengue fever, rely on credible sources such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. These organizations provide accurate and up-to-date information about dengue fever risks, prevention, and treatment. Be wary of unverified information from social media or other unreliable sources. If you have any questions or concerns about dengue fever, consult a healthcare professional for expert advice.

6.3 Reliable Sources of Information

Where can you find trustworthy information about mosquitoes, dengue fever, and travel health in Vietnam?

Trustworthy sources of information about mosquitoes, dengue fever, and travel health in Vietnam include:

• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• Vietnamese Ministry of Health
• International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM)
• Your doctor or travel health clinic

Consult these sources for accurate and up-to-date information to help you make informed decisions about your health and safety while traveling in Vietnam.

7. Exploring Hanoi Safely: Minimizing Mosquito Exposure

How can you enjoy Hanoi’s attractions while minimizing your risk of mosquito bites? Should you plan your activities carefully?

You can enjoy Hanoi’s attractions while minimizing your risk of mosquito bites by planning your activities carefully and taking necessary precautions. Avoid outdoor activities during dawn and dusk, when mosquitoes are most active. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and use insect repellent on exposed skin. Choose accommodation with air conditioning or window and door screens. When visiting parks and gardens, stay on paved paths and avoid areas with dense vegetation.

7.1 Best Times to Visit Hanoi’s Attractions

When are the best times to visit Hanoi’s attractions to avoid peak mosquito activity?

The best times to visit Hanoi’s attractions to avoid peak mosquito activity are during the daytime, particularly between late morning and mid-afternoon. Mosquitoes are generally less active during these hours. If you plan to visit outdoor attractions in the early morning or late afternoon, take extra precautions, such as using repellent and wearing protective clothing.

7.2 Recommended Activities and Itineraries

What types of activities and itineraries are best suited for minimizing mosquito exposure in Hanoi?

Activities and itineraries that are best suited for minimizing mosquito exposure in Hanoi include:

• Visiting indoor attractions, such as museums, temples, and shopping malls.
• Taking guided tours of historical sites and cultural landmarks.
• Enjoying traditional Vietnamese cuisine at indoor restaurants and cafes.
• Attending cultural performances and events in air-conditioned venues.
• Exploring the city on foot during the daytime, staying on paved paths and avoiding areas with dense vegetation.

7.3 Staying Safe in Hanoi’s Parks and Gardens

What precautions should you take when visiting parks and gardens in Hanoi to avoid mosquito bites?

When visiting parks and gardens in Hanoi, take the following precautions to avoid mosquito bites:

• Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
• Use insect repellent on exposed skin.
• Stay on paved paths and avoid areas with dense vegetation.
• Avoid visiting parks and gardens during dawn and dusk, when mosquitoes are most active.
• Consider wearing a mosquito net if you plan to spend extended periods outdoors.

8. SIXT.VN: Your Partner for a Safe and Enjoyable Trip

How can SIXT.VN help you plan a safe and enjoyable trip to Vietnam, minimizing your concerns about mosquitoes and dengue fever?

SIXT.VN is your partner for a safe and enjoyable trip to Vietnam. We offer a range of services to help you plan your itinerary, book accommodation, and arrange transportation, all while minimizing your concerns about mosquitoes and dengue fever. Our expert travel consultants can provide you with up-to-date information about health risks and safety precautions, and our experienced drivers can ensure you travel safely and comfortably throughout Vietnam.

8.1 Travel Consulting Services

How can SIXT.VN’s travel consultants help you plan a mosquito-safe itinerary?

SIXT.VN’s travel consultants can help you plan a mosquito-safe itinerary by providing you with information about regional variations in mosquito prevalence, peak mosquito activity times, and recommended activities and itineraries for minimizing mosquito exposure. We can also help you choose accommodation with air conditioning or window and door screens and provide you with tips on using insect repellent and other protective measures.

8.2 Airport Transfer Services

How can SIXT.VN’s airport transfer services minimize your exposure to mosquitoes upon arrival and departure?

SIXT.VN’s airport transfer services can minimize your exposure to mosquitoes upon arrival and departure by providing you with a comfortable and air-conditioned vehicle for transportation to and from the airport. Our experienced drivers will ensure you travel safely and efficiently, avoiding areas with high mosquito populations. We can also provide you with insect repellent and other protective measures to help you stay safe during your journey.

8.3 Hotel Booking Assistance

How can SIXT.VN assist you in booking accommodation that minimizes your risk of mosquito bites?

SIXT.VN can assist you in booking accommodation that minimizes your risk of mosquito bites by prioritizing options with air conditioning or window and door screens. We can also check reviews and ask about mosquito control measures when booking your accommodation. Our travel consultants can provide you with a list of recommended hotels and guesthouses that are known for their mosquito prevention efforts.

9. Staying Informed: Resources for Travel Health Updates

Where can you find the latest information and updates about travel health in Vietnam, including mosquito-borne illnesses?

Staying informed is crucial for a safe and healthy trip to Vietnam. Here are some reliable resources for travel health updates:

• World Health Organization (WHO): The WHO provides information about disease outbreaks, health risks, and travel advisories worldwide.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): The CDC offers country-specific travel health information, including vaccination recommendations and tips for preventing mosquito-borne illnesses.
• Vietnamese Ministry of Health: The Vietnamese Ministry of Health provides updates about the local health situation and any advisories issued by health authorities.
• International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM): The ISTM offers resources for travelers and healthcare professionals, including travel health guidelines and a directory of travel clinics.
• Your doctor or travel health clinic: Consult your doctor or a travel health clinic for personalized advice and recommendations based on your individual health needs and travel plans.

9.1 Official Health Advisories

How can you access and interpret official health advisories from health organizations and government agencies?

You can access official health advisories from health organizations and government agencies through their websites and social media channels. Look for information about disease outbreaks, health risks, and recommended precautions. Pay attention to the dates of the advisories to ensure you have the most up-to-date information. If you have any questions or concerns about the advisories, consult a healthcare professional for expert advice.

9.2 Mobile Apps for Travel Health

Are there any mobile apps that can provide you with real-time information and alerts about travel health risks?

Yes, several mobile apps can provide you with real-time information and alerts about travel health risks. Some popular options include:

• CDC TravWell: This app provides country-specific travel health information, including vaccination recommendations and tips for preventing mosquito-borne illnesses.
• WHO Travel Health: This app provides information about disease outbreaks, health risks, and travel advisories worldwide.
• GeoSure: This app provides safety ratings and alerts for destinations around the world, including information about health risks.

Download these apps before your trip to stay informed about travel health risks and take necessary precautions.

9.3 Connecting with Local Expatriate Communities

How can connecting with local expatriate communities provide you with valuable insights and advice about travel health in Vietnam?

Connecting with local expatriate communities can provide you with valuable insights and advice about travel health in Vietnam. Expatriates who have lived in Vietnam for an extended period can share their experiences and tips for staying healthy and avoiding mosquito-borne illnesses. You can connect with expatriate communities through online forums, social media groups, and local events.

10. Essential Packing List for Mosquito Protection

What should you include in your packing list to protect yourself from mosquito bites during your trip to Vietnam?

Here’s an essential packing list for mosquito protection:

• Insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE)
• Long-sleeved shirts and long pants
• Light-colored clothing
• Mosquito net
• Permethrin-treated clothing and gear
• Anti-itch cream or antihistamine for mosquito bites
• Travel insurance card
• Copies of your vaccination records

Pack these items to ensure you are well-prepared to protect yourself from mosquito bites during your trip to Vietnam.

10.1 Must-Have Repellents and Creams

What specific brands and products are recommended for mosquito repellent and bite relief?

Some recommended brands and products for mosquito repellent and bite relief include:

• DEET-based repellents: OFF! Deep Woods, Sawyer Products Premium Insect Repellent
• Picaridin-based repellents: Sawyer Products Picaridin Insect Repellent, Natrapel Picaridin Insect Repellent
• OLE-based repellents: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent, Cutter Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent
• Anti-itch creams: Cortizone 10, Benadryl Itch Relief Cream
• Antihistamines: Benadryl, Zyrtec

Choose products that are appropriate for your age and skin sensitivity, and follow the product instructions carefully.

10.2 Protective Clothing and Accessories

What types of clothing and accessories should you pack to minimize mosquito bites?

In addition to long-sleeved shirts and long pants, consider packing the following protective clothing and accessories:

• Wide-brimmed hat: A hat can protect your face and neck from mosquito bites.
• Mosquito head net: A head net can provide additional protection for your face and neck, especially in areas with high mosquito populations.
• Socks: Wear socks to protect your ankles and feet from mosquito bites.
• Shoes that cover your feet: Avoid wearing sandals or flip-flops, as they leave your feet exposed to mosquito bites.

10.3 First-Aid Kit Essentials

What essential items should you include in your first-aid kit to address mosquito bites and potential infections?

Include the following essential items in your first-aid kit to address mosquito bites and potential infections:

• Anti-itch cream or antihistamine for mosquito bites
• Antiseptic wipes or solution for cleaning bites
• Band-aids for covering bites
• Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Thermometer for monitoring fever
• Oral rehydration salts for treating dehydration

Be prepared to treat mosquito bites and potential infections by packing these essential items in your first-aid kit.

FAQ: Your Questions About Mosquitoes and Dengue Fever Answered

1. Is dengue fever common in Hanoi?

Yes, dengue fever is present in Hanoi, especially during the rainy season. Precautions are advised.

2. What is the best mosquito repellent for Vietnam?

Repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus are effective.

3. Can I get dengue fever more than once?

Yes, there are multiple strains of dengue fever, so you can get it more than once.

4. Are there any vaccines for dengue fever?

Yes, there are dengue fever vaccines available, but consult your doctor for recommendations.

5. What are the early symptoms of dengue fever?

Early symptoms include high fever, severe headache, joint pain, and rash.

6. How can I protect my children from mosquito bites in Vietnam?

Use repellent, dress them in protective clothing, and use mosquito nets.

7. Is it safe to use mosquito coils in hotel rooms?

Mosquito coils can be effective, but ensure proper ventilation and follow safety instructions.

8. What should I do if I get bitten by a mosquito in Vietnam?

Clean the bite with soap and water, and apply anti-itch cream.

9. Are there any mosquito-borne diseases other than dengue fever in Vietnam?

Yes, other diseases include Zika virus and Japanese encephalitis.

10. How can SIXT.VN help me stay safe from mosquitoes during my trip?

SIXT.VN provides travel consulting, airport transfers, and hotel booking assistance to minimize mosquito exposure. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Website: SIXT.VN.

Conclusion: Enjoy Vietnam with Confidence

With the right knowledge and precautions, you can confidently explore the wonders of Vietnam without letting mosquitoes and dengue fever concerns hold you back. Remember to use insect repellent, wear protective clothing, choose mosquito-safe accommodation, and stay informed about travel health updates. And with SIXT.VN as your trusted travel partner, you can enjoy a safe, comfortable, and unforgettable Vietnamese adventure. Don’t let mosquitoes spoil your trip!

Ready to embark on your Vietnamese adventure with peace of mind? Contact SIXT.VN today to plan your itinerary, book your accommodation, and arrange your transportation. Let us help you create a safe, comfortable, and unforgettable travel experience.