What Is the Process for Becoming a Quan Ho Singer? How Long Does Training Take?

Are you fascinated by the captivating melodies of Quan Ho folk songs and dream of becoming a Quan Ho singer? Discover the journey, training, and dedication it takes to master this UNESCO-recognized art form with SIXT.VN. We will guide you through understanding Quan Ho singing, from its cultural roots to the intricate training process. Elevate your travel experience with a deeper appreciation for Vietnamese culture and consider SIXT.VN for convenient travel solutions. Let’s explore the world of Kinh Bac melodies and Quan Ho artistry!

1. What is Quan Ho?

Quan Ho is a traditional folk singing style originating from the Red River Delta region of Vietnam, primarily in Bac Ninh and Bac Giang provinces. This unique art form combines music, lyrics, costumes, and festivals, reflecting the culture and daily life of the local peasants. Recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Quan Ho is more than just singing; it’s a social custom, a form of communication, and a celebration of community. According to UNESCO, Quan Ho folk songs are valued for their social practices, performance attire, artistic delivery, singing techniques, and lyrical content.

1.1. What Are the Historical Roots of Quan Ho?

Legend says that the King Lady (Vua Ba), daughter of King Hung, is considered the ancestor of Quan Ho folk songs. The legend tells the tale of her teaching local people farming techniques and folk songs, which later evolved into Quan Ho. The Vua Ba Temple in Viem Xa (Diem Village), Bac Ninh Province, preserves historical and cultural materials related to Quan Ho. This oral tradition, passed down through generations, has evolved into a diverse system of melodies, showcasing various aspects of daily life and the soul of the Kinh Bac people.

1.2. Where is Quan Ho Practiced?

Quan Ho is traditionally practiced in 49 villages in Bac Ninh and Bac Giang provinces. According to research from the Vietnam National Academy of Music in 2010, these villages have preserved the authentic Quan Ho traditions and customs. These include Gia Son, Huu Nghi, Noi Ninh, Mai Vu, and Sen Ho in Bac Giang Province, and Bai Uyen, Due Dong, Ha Giang, and many others in Bac Ninh Province. These villages are recognized for maintaining the unique cultural environment where Quan Ho flourishes.

2. What are the Key Elements of Quan Ho Performance?

Quan Ho performances involve various elements that make it a unique and captivating art form:

• Social Customs: Quan Ho is deeply rooted in social customs, including the unique tradition of friend-making between groups from different villages.
• Costumes: Performers wear distinctive traditional outfits, including turbans and robes for men and non thung quai thao (large round hats) and colorful tunics for women.
• Singing Techniques: Quan Ho singing involves specific techniques such as hat nen (restrained singing), hat ren (resonant singing), hat vang (ringing singing), and hat nay (bouncing singing).
• Lyrics: Quan Ho lyrics are often based on folk verses and poems, using poetic and polished language.

2.1. What are Quan Ho Customs?

Quan Ho is typically performed in the spring during village festivals. Performances are usually done by groups of men (bon nam) and women (bon nu), each consisting of four to six people. These groups address each other by order, such as “Second Sister,” “Third Brother,” and so on. One unique custom is Quan Ho friend-making, where groups from different villages form friendships, and members of these groups are not allowed to marry each other.

2.2. What Are the Behaviors in Quan Ho Singing?

Behaviors in Quan Ho singing are guided by unwritten rules that emphasize politeness and elegance. According to a study by the Bac Ninh Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism in 2015, these rules dictate that language, costumes, and conduct must adhere to local traditions. Inviting another group to sing involves a formal procedure, including presenting a tray of betel as a gift and a letter of invitation. The host village welcomes guests at the gate and leads them to the singing venue. Guests are offered lotus tea and betel nuts before the performance begins.

2.3. What Are the Quan Ho Costumes?

Quan Ho costumes are distinctive and play a significant role in the performance. The male costume includes a turban, umbrella, shirt, robe, trousers, and slippers. The female costume consists of the non thung quai thao (the large round Quan Ho hat), a scarf, camisole, tunic, skirt, and colorful scarves tied around the waist. These traditional outfits add to the visual appeal and cultural significance of the performances.

3. How Does the Training Process for Quan Ho Singers Work?

The training process for Quan Ho singers is rigorous and comprehensive, often starting at a young age. Aspiring singers learn through oral transmission, community involvement, and mentorship from experienced artists. According to the Vietnam Institute for Musicology, the training involves mastering singing techniques, understanding the cultural context, and developing a deep appreciation for the art form.

3.1. What is the “Sleepover” Custom in Training?

One unique method of transmitting Quan Ho knowledge is the “sleepover” custom. Young boys and girls aged 9 to 10 are invited to sleep over at the houses of Quan Ho group members to learn singing techniques. Male and female singers practice in pairs to develop a unified timbre for performance.

3.2. What is Nha Chua (House for Quan Ho Singing Group)?

The Nha chua is a communal space for Quan Ho groups where they meet, practice, and organize singing events. The owner of the house is often an elder who has experience in Quan Ho singing. This space fosters community and provides a nurturing environment for learning.

3.3. What Are the Different Techniques of Quan Ho Singing?

There are four primary singing techniques in Quan Ho:

• Hat nen (Restrained Singing): Provides background support for the lead vocal, requiring steady breath control.
• Hat ren (Resonant Singing): Involves maintaining steady breath and vibrating the larynx to produce a vibrant sound.
• Hat vang (Ringing Singing): Requires clear pronunciation and deep breaths to create resonant vocals.
• Hat nay (Bouncing Singing): Breaks prolonged syllables into short ones, adding lyricalness and grace to the melodies.

Mastering these techniques is essential for becoming a proficient Quan Ho singer.

4. What is the Duration of Quan Ho Training?

The duration of training to become a Quan Ho singer varies depending on individual aptitude, dedication, and the depth of knowledge one wishes to acquire. However, it generally takes several years to become proficient in all aspects of Quan Ho singing and performance.

4.1. How Long Does It Take to Learn the Basics?

Learning the basic techniques and a repertoire of songs can take anywhere from one to two years with consistent practice. According to the Bac Ninh Center for Cultural Heritage Preservation, mastering the fundamentals requires dedication and regular participation in community singing events.

4.2. How Long Does It Take to Become a Skilled Performer?

Becoming a skilled performer, capable of improvising lyrics and mastering all the nuances of Quan Ho singing, can take five to ten years of dedicated practice and mentorship. This involves continuous learning, performing, and immersing oneself in the cultural context of Quan Ho.

4.3. What is the Ongoing Training and Development?

Even after becoming a skilled performer, Quan Ho singers continue to refine their skills through ongoing practice, participation in festivals, and mentorship from senior artists. This continuous development ensures the preservation and evolution of the art form.

5. What Are the Different Types of Quan Ho Tunes?

Quan Ho folk songs consist of 213 different melody variations, divided into three main types:

• Standard Tune Type (Giong le loi): Slow melodies with vibrant vocals, essential in traditional performances.
• Variety Tune Type (Giong vat): Diversified melodies with rich lyrics, showcasing the artistic value of Quan Ho singing.
• Farewell Tune Type (Giong gia ban): Sad, smooth melodies expressing farewell sentiments.

5.1. What are the Characteristics of Giong Le Loi (Standard Tune Type)?

Giong le loi features slow melodies, low tunes, and often unclear rhythms. This type is indispensable in traditional Quan Ho performances. Typical tunes include La rang, Tinh tang, Kim Ian, and Treo ten cay gao cao cao.

5.2. What are the Characteristics of Giong Vat (Variety Tune Type)?

Giong vat has diversified melodies, flexible rhythms, and rich lyrical content. This type best presents the artistic value of Quan Ho singing. Well-known tunes include Khach den choi nha, Ngoi tua man thuyen, Xe chi luon kim, and Cay true xinh.

5.3. What are the Characteristics of Giong Gia Ban (Farewell Tune Type)?

Giong gia ban typically features sad, smooth, and passionate melodies. It often includes a main part of two sentences in six-eight-word meter verse and a chorus. Tunes include Chuong vang gac cua tam quan and Con nhen giang mung.

6. What are the Different Forms of Quan Ho Performance?

Quan Ho singing is performed in various forms, each with its own unique context and purpose:

• Hoi Singing (Singing at Festivals): Performed during festivals for entertainment and friend-making.
• Tho Singing (Singing at Rituals): Performed at rituals to praise ancestors and wish for prosperity.
• Canh Singing (Singing at a Host’s House): Performed at night between two Quan Ho groups who have made friends.
• Mung Singing (Singing for Celebration): Performed to convey congratulations and wishes during celebrations.

6.1. What is Hoi Singing?

Hoi singing takes place at festivals in spring and autumn. It includes two forms:

• Hat vui (Singing for Entertainment): Quan Ho groups gather to sing for entertainment and friend-making during regional festivals.
• Hat thi (Singing for Prizes): A competition where Quan Ho groups compete for prizes, judged by village elders.

6.2. What is Tho Singing?

Tho singing is organized during spring festivals between Quan Ho groups who have made friends. It aims to praise ancestors and gods, wishing for happiness, prosperity, and good harvests. This form primarily uses standard tune types.

6.3. What is Canh Singing?

Canh singing is organized at a host’s house at night between two Quan Ho groups who have made friends. The performance is divided into three phrases:

• First Phrase: Standard tune songs are performed.
• Middle Phrase: Variety tune songs are sung, expressing love and thoughts on life.
• Last Phrase: Farewell tune songs are performed, expressing the desire not to say goodbye.

6.4. What is Mung Singing?

Mung singing is used to convey congratulations and wishes between Quan Ho groups in daily life, especially during weddings, new home inaugurations, and career promotions. This form requires male and female artists to sing in response, using the standard tune of La rang.

7. What Are Some Typical Quan Ho Singing Festivals?

Several festivals celebrate Quan Ho singing, providing platforms for performances and cultural exchange:

• Urn Festival: Takes place annually on the 13th day of the first lunar month in Lung Giang, Lung Son, and Due Dong villages.
• Viem Xa Village Festival (Vua Ba Temple Festival): Organized on the 6th day of the second lunar month at Viem Xa Village.

7.1. What Happens at the Urn Festival?

The Urn Festival is one of the most special Quan Ho festivals in the Kinh Bac region. It features singing at rituals at Hong Van Royal Tomb, singing on boats, and singing at a host’s house. Visitors can enjoy cultural activities, traditional games, and Quan Ho performances.

7.2. What Happens at the Viem Xa Village Festival (Vua Ba Temple Festival)?

The Viem Xa Village Festival includes a ceremony of incense offering to Vua Ba (the King Lady), Quan Ho singing at Vua Ba Temple, on boats, and in houses. The festival commemorates the King Lady, who is considered the ancestor of Quan Ho.

8. How Can Tourists Experience Quan Ho Culture?

Tourists can experience Quan Ho culture through various avenues, including attending festivals, visiting Quan Ho villages, and engaging with local performers. SIXT.VN offers tour packages that provide immersive cultural experiences in the heart of Quan Ho regions.

8.1. What are the Benefits of Visiting Quan Ho Villages with SIXT.VN?

Visiting Quan Ho villages with SIXT.VN offers several benefits:

• Convenient Transportation: SIXT.VN provides reliable transportation services to and from Quan Ho villages.
• Guided Tours: Knowledgeable guides offer insights into the history, customs, and artistry of Quan Ho.
• Accommodation: SIXT.VN offers a range of accommodation options to suit your preferences and budget.
• Cultural Immersion: Experience authentic Quan Ho performances, interact with local artists, and participate in traditional activities.

8.2. What are the Transportation Options with SIXT.VN?

SIXT.VN offers various transportation options to make your trip seamless:

• Airport Transfers: Convenient and reliable airport transfer services to your hotel and Quan Ho destinations.
• Private Car Rentals: Explore the Quan Ho region at your own pace with a private car rental.
• Tour Packages: All-inclusive tour packages that cover transportation, accommodation, and guided tours.

8.3. What Accommodations are Available Through SIXT.VN?

SIXT.VN offers a variety of accommodation options to suit your needs:

• Hotels: Choose from a range of hotels in Bac Ninh and Bac Giang provinces, from budget-friendly to luxury.
• Homestays: Experience local hospitality by staying in traditional homestays in Quan Ho villages.
• Resorts: Enjoy a relaxing stay at resorts near the Quan Ho region, offering modern amenities and cultural experiences.

9. What is the Cultural Significance of Quan Ho?

Quan Ho is not just a form of entertainment; it is a cultural treasure that reflects the identity, values, and traditions of the Kinh Bac people. Its inscription on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity underscores its significance as a cultural heritage of universal value. According to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Quan Ho plays a crucial role in promoting cultural diversity and fostering intercultural dialogue.

9.1. How Does Quan Ho Promote Community Cohesion?

Quan Ho promotes community cohesion through its social customs, communal singing events, and the tradition of friend-making between villages. These activities foster a sense of belonging, solidarity, and mutual respect among community members.

9.2. How Does Quan Ho Preserve Cultural Heritage?

Quan Ho preserves cultural heritage by passing down traditional knowledge, customs, and artistic expressions from one generation to another. The oral transmission of songs, techniques, and cultural values ensures the continuity of this art form.

9.3. How Does Quan Ho Contribute to Tourism?

Quan Ho contributes to tourism by attracting visitors to the Bac Ninh and Bac Giang provinces, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of Vietnam. Tourists can experience authentic Quan Ho performances, learn about local traditions, and support the preservation of this art form.

10. What are Some Frequently Asked Questions About Quan Ho?

Here are some frequently asked questions about Quan Ho:

10.1. What is the Origin of Quan Ho?

Quan Ho originated in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam, primarily in Bac Ninh and Bac Giang provinces.

10.2. What Makes Quan Ho Unique?

Quan Ho is unique due to its combination of music, lyrics, costumes, social customs, and singing techniques.

10.3. How Many Types of Quan Ho Tunes Are There?

There are 213 different melody variations, divided into three main types: standard, variety, and farewell tunes.

10.4. What Are the Key Singing Techniques in Quan Ho?

The key singing techniques include hat nen (restrained singing), hat ren (resonant singing), hat vang (ringing singing), and hat nay (bouncing singing).

10.5. How Long Does It Take to Become a Quan Ho Singer?

It can take several years of dedicated practice and mentorship to become a proficient Quan Ho singer.

10.6. What is the “Sleepover” Custom?

The “sleepover” custom involves inviting young boys and girls to sleep over at the houses of Quan Ho group members to learn singing techniques.

10.7. Where Can I Experience Quan Ho Performances?

You can experience Quan Ho performances at festivals, Quan Ho villages, and cultural events in Bac Ninh and Bac Giang provinces.

10.8. What Should I Wear When Attending a Quan Ho Performance?

While there is no specific dress code, dressing respectfully and modestly is appreciated.

10.9. Can I Learn to Sing Quan Ho?

Yes, you can learn to sing Quan Ho by joining a Quan Ho group or taking lessons from experienced artists.

10.10. How Can SIXT.VN Help Me Experience Quan Ho Culture?

SIXT.VN offers transportation, guided tours, and accommodation options to help you explore Quan Ho culture conveniently and authentically.

Ready to immerse yourself in the enchanting world of Quan Ho? Let SIXT.VN be your guide to discovering the beauty and cultural richness of Vietnam. From convenient airport transfers and comfortable accommodations to expertly guided tours, we ensure a seamless and unforgettable travel experience.

Contact us today to plan your Quan Ho adventure:

• Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
• Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358
• Website: SIXT.VN

Explore the heart of Vietnamese culture with SIXT.VN – your trusted travel companion. Consider our services for convenient airport transfers, comfortable accommodations, and expertly guided tours. Visit SIXT.VN today and let us help you plan your unforgettable Quan Ho adventure! Don’t wait—immerse yourself in the rich culture of Quan Ho with SIXT.VN and create memories that will last a lifetime.