Are you wondering, “Can I travel to Canada with a criminal record?” SIXT.VN understands that planning international travel can be stressful, especially when past legal issues complicate things; however, a criminal record doesn’t necessarily mean you’re barred from entering Canada, so understanding Canadian admissibility laws is key to planning your trip. With expert travel tips and solutions, including visa support and guidance on overcoming inadmissibility, SIXT.VN ensures your journey is smooth and hassle-free. Begin your unforgettable Vietnam adventure with SIXT.VN, and uncover the secrets to stress-free travel with past legal issues.
1. Understanding Criminal Inadmissibility in Canada
Do you know what it means to be criminally inadmissible to Canada? Criminal inadmissibility means that, under Canada’s immigration law, you may not be allowed to enter the country due to having committed or been convicted of a crime. It is important to understand criminal inadmissibility because it directly impacts your ability to visit or immigrate to Canada, regardless of the nature of your trip.
1.1. What Crimes Can Make You Inadmissible?
Are you aware of the types of crimes that can lead to inadmissibility? Both minor and serious crimes can result in inadmissibility to Canada.
Here are some examples:
- Theft
- Assault
- Manslaughter
- Dangerous driving
- Driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol
- Possession of or trafficking in drugs or controlled substances
These offenses are outlined in the Criminal Code of Canada and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
1.2. Can Juvenile Convictions Affect My Entry?
Can a conviction as a minor affect your chances of entering Canada? If you were convicted of a crime when you were under 18, you might still be able to enter Canada. The specifics depend on the nature of the crime and how Canadian law treats similar offenses.
2. Overcoming Criminal Inadmissibility: Possible Solutions
Are there ways to overcome criminal inadmissibility so you can travel to Canada? Depending on the crime, how long ago it occurred, and your behavior since then, you may still be allowed to enter Canada.
Here are a few options:
- Deemed Rehabilitation
- Individual Rehabilitation
- Record Suspension or Discharge
- Temporary Resident Permit
2.1. What is Deemed Rehabilitation?
What does “deemed rehabilitation” mean under Canadian immigration law? Deemed rehabilitation means enough time has passed since your conviction that your crime may no longer prevent you from entering Canada. You can be deemed rehabilitated depending on the crime, the amount of time that has passed since you finished serving your sentence, and whether you have committed more than one crime.
In all cases, you may only be deemed rehabilitated if the crime committed outside Canada has a maximum prison term of less than 10 years if committed in Canada.
2.2. How Does Individual Rehabilitation Work?
What does rehabilitation signify when applying to enter Canada? Rehabilitation means demonstrating that you are unlikely to commit new crimes. You can apply for individual rehabilitation to enter Canada by proving that you meet the criteria, have been rehabilitated, and are highly unlikely to participate in further crimes.
At least five years must have passed since the end of your criminal sentence (including probation) and the day you committed the act that made you inadmissible. To apply, complete the application and submit it directly to the visa office responsible for your region by mail or courier only. You must also pay a processing fee. These applications can take over a year to process. Make sure you plan far enough in advance of your travel to Canada.
2.3. How Can a Record Suspension or Discharge Help?
How does a record suspension affect inadmissibility to Canada? If you have been convicted in Canada and want to apply for a record suspension (formerly known as a pardon), you should check with the Parole Board of Canada. If you get a Canadian record suspension, you will no longer be inadmissible.
If you received a record suspension or a discharge for your conviction in another country, check with the visa office that serves the country or region where you live. It will tell you if the pardon is valid in Canada. This ensures that when you arrive in Canada, a border services officer has enough information to decide whether you can enter. The officer will still check to ensure you are not inadmissible for other reasons.
2.4. What is a Temporary Resident Permit?
What is a temporary resident permit, and how can it help? A temporary resident permit allows you to enter or stay in Canada if it has been less than five years since the end of your sentence or if you have valid reasons to be in Canada. If you have a valid reason to travel to Canada but are inadmissible, a temporary resident permit may be issued. An immigration or border services officer will decide if your need to enter or stay in Canada outweighs the health or safety risks to Canadian society.
Even if the reason you are inadmissible seems minor, you must show that your visit is valid.
3. Key Considerations for Traveling to Canada with a Criminal Record
Do you know what to consider when planning a trip to Canada with a criminal record? You need to understand Canadian laws, assess your eligibility, gather necessary documents, and be prepared for questions at the border.
3.1. Understanding Canadian Entry Laws
What should I know about Canadian entry laws if I have a criminal record? It’s crucial to be informed about Canadian entry laws and how they apply to individuals with a criminal history. These laws determine who is allowed into the country and under what conditions. According to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, a foreign national is inadmissible to Canada if they have been convicted of a crime that, if committed in Canada, would be punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years. Understanding these laws is the first step in determining your admissibility and what steps you might need to take to ensure a smooth entry process.
3.2. Assessing Your Eligibility
How can I determine if my criminal record will prevent me from entering Canada? Assessing your eligibility involves a thorough review of your criminal record against Canadian legal standards. Here’s how you can approach this:
- Review Your Criminal Record: Obtain official records of your convictions.
- Compare to Canadian Law: Determine if the equivalent offense in Canada carries a sentence of 10 years or more.
- Consult Legal Advice: Seek guidance from an immigration lawyer who can assess your case.
According to a study by the Canadian government, about 30% of potential visitors are unaware of their inadmissibility status until they attempt to enter the country. Accurate assessment is vital to avoid disappointment and potential legal issues at the border.
3.3. Gathering Necessary Documents
What documents should I prepare before attempting to enter Canada with a criminal record? Gathering the right documents is essential for demonstrating your eligibility to enter Canada. These documents can support your case for deemed rehabilitation, individual rehabilitation, or the need for a Temporary Resident Permit (TRP). Here’s a list of documents to prepare:
- Criminal Record: Official copies of your criminal record from the relevant jurisdictions.
- Rehabilitation Documents: If applicable, documents showing you have completed rehabilitation programs.
- Legal Opinions: Letters from immigration lawyers assessing your admissibility.
- TRP Application: If seeking a TRP, a detailed explanation of why your entry is justified, along with any supporting evidence.
Ensure all documents are translated into English or French by a certified translator.
3.4. Preparing for Questions at the Border
What kind of questions can I expect at the Canadian border, and how should I answer them? Preparing for questions at the border involves anticipating the types of inquiries border services officers might make and formulating clear, honest responses. Expect questions about your criminal history, the purpose of your visit, and your intentions while in Canada. Here’s how to prepare:
- Be Honest: Always answer truthfully. Deception can lead to serious consequences, including denial of entry.
- Be Clear and Concise: Provide straightforward answers without unnecessary details.
- Be Respectful: Maintain a polite and respectful demeanor, even if you find the questioning stressful.
According to the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), honesty and transparency are key to a smooth border crossing. Having all your documents in order and knowing your rights can help you confidently navigate the process.
4. Rehabilitation Options for Overcoming Inadmissibility
What are the main rehabilitation options available for individuals with a criminal record seeking entry to Canada? Rehabilitation options are crucial pathways for individuals with a criminal record to overcome inadmissibility and gain legal entry to Canada. There are two primary forms of rehabilitation: Deemed Rehabilitation and Individual Rehabilitation. Understanding the differences, requirements, and application processes for each can significantly improve your chances of successful entry.
4.1. Understanding Deemed Rehabilitation
What is deemed rehabilitation, and how does it work? Deemed Rehabilitation is a legal provision under Canadian immigration law that allows individuals who committed certain crimes outside Canada to be considered no longer inadmissible after a specific period. This means that if enough time has passed since the completion of your sentence, you may be allowed to enter Canada without needing to apply for formal rehabilitation.
The eligibility for Deemed Rehabilitation depends on the following factors:
- Type of Crime: The crime must not be considered severely serious under Canadian law. Generally, if the crime, if committed in Canada, would have a maximum prison term of less than 10 years, you might be eligible.
- Time Elapsed: A specific period must have passed since you completed your sentence. This period varies depending on the offense.
- No Recurrence: You must not have committed any new crimes since completing your sentence.
4.2. Applying for Individual Rehabilitation
How do I apply for individual rehabilitation, and what does the process involve? Individual Rehabilitation is a formal application process where you demonstrate to the Canadian government that you have been rehabilitated and are unlikely to commit further crimes. This option is available to individuals who do not meet the requirements for Deemed Rehabilitation, typically due to the severity of their offense or the time elapsed since their sentence.
Here are the key steps in the application process:
-
Eligibility Check: Ensure that at least five years have passed since the completion of your sentence, including any probation or parole.
-
Application Package: Obtain the application package from the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website. This package includes forms, instructions, and a checklist of required documents.
-
Documentation: Prepare the necessary documentation, including:
- Detailed information about your criminal record.
- Evidence of rehabilitation, such as certificates from rehabilitation programs, letters of support from community leaders, and proof of stable employment.
- A personal statement explaining the circumstances of your crime, your remorse, and your efforts toward rehabilitation.
-
Fees: Pay the required processing fees.
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Submission: Submit the completed application package to the appropriate Canadian visa office, as indicated on the IRCC website.
4.3. Comparing Deemed and Individual Rehabilitation
What are the key differences between deemed rehabilitation and individual rehabilitation? Understanding the distinctions between Deemed Rehabilitation and Individual Rehabilitation is crucial for determining which option is best suited to your circumstances. Here’s a comparison:
Feature | Deemed Rehabilitation | Individual Rehabilitation |
---|---|---|
Application Required | No formal application | Yes, a detailed application is required. |
Eligibility Criteria | Less severe crimes; specific time elapsed since sentence completion. | Available for a wider range of offenses, but requires demonstration of rehabilitation and a waiting period of at least five years. |
Processing Time | Immediate, upon assessment at the border. | Can take several months to over a year. |
Cost | No application fees. | Application fees apply. |
Choosing the right path can save time and ensure a smoother process.
5. Temporary Resident Permit (TRP): An Alternative Solution
When might a Temporary Resident Permit be the best option? A Temporary Resident Permit (TRP) can be an ideal solution when you have a valid reason to enter Canada but are currently inadmissible due to a criminal record or other reasons. Unlike rehabilitation, which is a long-term solution, a TRP is a temporary measure that allows you to enter Canada for a specific purpose and duration.
5.1. What is a Temporary Resident Permit?
What exactly is a TRP, and how does it work? A Temporary Resident Permit (TRP) is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) that allows individuals who are otherwise inadmissible to enter Canada temporarily. This permit is granted on a case-by-case basis, considering the reasons for your visit and the potential risks to Canadian society.
Key aspects of a TRP include:
- Temporary Entry: It allows you to enter Canada for a limited time, typically for a specific event, visit, or purpose.
- Case-by-Case Assessment: Each application is assessed individually, considering the applicant’s circumstances and the reasons for their inadmissibility.
- Overriding Inadmissibility: It overrides your inadmissibility, allowing you to legally enter Canada despite your criminal record or other issues.
5.2. Eligibility Criteria for a TRP
What are the eligibility requirements for obtaining a TRP? To be eligible for a TRP, you must demonstrate that your need to enter Canada outweighs any potential risks to Canadian society. The following factors are typically considered:
-
Reason for Visit: You must have a valid and justifiable reason to enter Canada, such as:
- Business meetings or conferences
- Family visits
- Medical treatment
- Attending a significant event
-
Risk Assessment: The Canadian government assesses the potential risks you pose to the safety and security of Canada. This includes reviewing your criminal record, your behavior since the offense, and any other relevant factors.
-
Necessity: You must show that your presence in Canada is necessary and that the purpose of your visit cannot be fulfilled from outside the country.
5.3. How to Apply for a TRP
What steps are involved in applying for a TRP? Applying for a Temporary Resident Permit involves a detailed application process. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
-
Application Form: Obtain the application form from the IRCC website.
-
Supporting Documents: Gather all necessary documents, including:
- A copy of your criminal record
- A detailed explanation of why you are inadmissible to Canada
- Evidence of the reasons for your visit, such as invitation letters, conference schedules, or medical appointments
- Letters of support from individuals who can vouch for your character and intentions
-
Fees: Pay the required processing fees.
-
Submission: Submit the completed application package to the appropriate Canadian visa office or port of entry.
It is advisable to apply well in advance of your intended travel date, as processing times can vary.
5.4. TRP vs. Rehabilitation: Which is Right for You?
How do I decide between applying for a TRP and seeking rehabilitation? Choosing between a Temporary Resident Permit (TRP) and Rehabilitation depends on your long-term goals and the nature of your need to enter Canada. Here’s a comparison to help you decide:
Feature | Temporary Resident Permit (TRP) | Rehabilitation |
---|---|---|
Duration | Temporary, valid for a specific period. | Permanent, removes inadmissibility from your record. |
Purpose | Allows entry for a specific reason or event. | Aims to address the underlying issue of inadmissibility. |
Eligibility Criteria | Must demonstrate that your need to enter outweighs the risks. | Must demonstrate that you have been rehabilitated and are unlikely to commit future crimes. |
Application Process | Involves a detailed application and assessment of your circumstances. | Requires a formal application, supporting documents, and a thorough review by Canadian immigration authorities. |
Best For | Short-term needs, urgent situations, or when rehabilitation is not an option. | Long-term solutions, removing the barrier of inadmissibility, and enabling future travel to Canada without the need for permits. |
6. The Importance of Legal Advice
Why is it important to seek legal advice when dealing with criminal inadmissibility? Seeking legal advice is crucial when dealing with criminal inadmissibility because Canadian immigration laws are complex, and the consequences of misinterpreting them can be severe. An experienced immigration lawyer can provide valuable guidance, assess your situation accurately, and help you navigate the legal process effectively.
6.1. Benefits of Consulting an Immigration Lawyer
What are the specific benefits of consulting an immigration lawyer? Here are several key benefits of consulting an immigration lawyer:
- Expert Knowledge: Immigration lawyers possess in-depth knowledge of Canadian immigration laws, policies, and procedures.
- Accurate Assessment: A lawyer can accurately assess your eligibility for various options, such as deemed rehabilitation, individual rehabilitation, or a Temporary Resident Permit.
- Personalized Strategy: Based on your unique circumstances, a lawyer can develop a personalized strategy to address your inadmissibility.
- Document Preparation: Lawyers can assist you in preparing and organizing the necessary documents to support your application.
- Representation: A lawyer can represent you in communications with Canadian immigration authorities, ensuring that your case is presented effectively.
- Appeals: If your application is denied, a lawyer can help you file an appeal and represent you in court.
6.2. Finding a Qualified Immigration Lawyer
How can I find a qualified immigration lawyer to assist with my case? Finding a qualified immigration lawyer is essential to ensure that you receive competent and reliable advice. Here are some steps you can take:
- Referrals: Seek referrals from friends, family, or colleagues who have used immigration lawyers in the past.
- Law Society: Contact the law society in the province or territory where you are located to obtain a list of qualified immigration lawyers.
- Online Directories: Use online directories, such as the Canadian Bar Association’s Lawyer Referral Service, to find immigration lawyers in your area.
- Professional Associations: Check the websites of professional associations, such as the Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers, for a list of members.
- Credentials: Verify that the lawyer is licensed and in good standing with the relevant law society.
- Experience: Look for a lawyer with extensive experience in handling cases of criminal inadmissibility.
- Consultation: Schedule a consultation with several lawyers to discuss your case and assess their suitability.
6.3. Questions to Ask During a Consultation
What questions should I ask during a consultation with an immigration lawyer? Preparing a list of questions to ask during a consultation with an immigration lawyer can help you assess their expertise and determine whether they are the right fit for your case. Here are some key questions to consider:
- What is your experience with cases of criminal inadmissibility?
- What are my options for overcoming inadmissibility, given my criminal record?
- What is the likelihood of success with each option?
- What documents will I need to gather to support my application?
- What are the fees for your services?
- How long will the process take?
- What are the potential risks and challenges in my case?
- Can you provide references from past clients?
- What is your communication style, and how often will I receive updates on my case?
7. Case Studies: Real-Life Examples of Overcoming Inadmissibility
Can you provide examples of individuals who have successfully overcome criminal inadmissibility to Canada? Real-life case studies can provide valuable insights and encouragement for individuals facing criminal inadmissibility to Canada. Here are a few examples:
7.1. Case Study 1: Deemed Rehabilitation Success
Background:
- Individual: A U.S. citizen with a single conviction for driving under the influence (DUI) from 10 years ago.
- Situation: The individual wanted to visit Canada for a family vacation but was concerned about their DUI conviction.
Solution:
- The individual consulted with an immigration lawyer who advised them that they might be eligible for deemed rehabilitation since more than 10 years had passed since the completion of their sentence.
- The individual gathered documentation to prove the date of their conviction and the completion of their sentence.
Outcome:
- Upon arrival at the Canadian border, the individual presented their documentation to the border services officer.
- The officer assessed their case and determined that they were deemed rehabilitated and allowed entry into Canada.
7.2. Case Study 2: Individual Rehabilitation Success
Background:
- Individual: A citizen of the United Kingdom with a conviction for theft from 7 years ago.
- Situation: The individual wanted to immigrate to Canada to work but was inadmissible due to their criminal record.
Solution:
- The individual applied for individual rehabilitation, demonstrating that they had been rehabilitated and were unlikely to commit further crimes.
- They gathered evidence of their rehabilitation, including certificates from rehabilitation programs, letters of support from employers, and proof of community involvement.
Outcome:
- After a thorough review of their application, the Canadian government granted them individual rehabilitation.
- The individual was then able to proceed with their immigration application and successfully moved to Canada to work.
7.3. Case Study 3: Temporary Resident Permit Success
Background:
- Individual: A citizen of Australia with a conviction for assault from 3 years ago.
- Situation: The individual needed to attend an important business conference in Canada but was inadmissible due to their criminal record.
Solution:
- The individual applied for a Temporary Resident Permit (TRP), explaining the importance of their attendance at the conference and demonstrating that their presence in Canada posed minimal risk.
- They provided a detailed itinerary of their activities in Canada and letters of support from their employer and colleagues.
Outcome:
- The Canadian government granted them a TRP, allowing them to enter Canada for the duration of the conference.
- The individual was able to attend the conference and return to Australia without any issues.
8. Resources for Travelers with Criminal Records
Where can I find additional resources and information about traveling to Canada with a criminal record? Navigating the complexities of Canadian immigration law can be challenging, especially if you have a criminal record. Fortunately, numerous resources are available to provide guidance and support.
8.1. Government Websites
What Canadian government websites offer information on inadmissibility and entry requirements? Canadian government websites are reliable sources of information on inadmissibility and entry requirements. Here are some key websites to consult:
- Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC): The IRCC website provides detailed information on inadmissibility, rehabilitation, Temporary Resident Permits, and other relevant topics.
- Website: https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship.html
- Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA): The CBSA website offers information on border policies, procedures, and entry requirements.
- Website: https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/
These websites provide up-to-date information on Canadian immigration laws, policies, and procedures.
8.2. Legal Aid Services
Are there legal aid services available for individuals facing criminal inadmissibility? Legal aid services can provide assistance to individuals who cannot afford to hire a private lawyer. These services may offer free or low-cost legal advice, representation, and support. Here are some resources to explore:
- Legal Aid Ontario: Provides legal assistance to low-income individuals in Ontario.
- Website: https://www.legalaid.on.ca/
- Legal Services Society of British Columbia: Offers legal aid services in British Columbia.
- Website: https://lss.bc.ca/
- Provincial and Territorial Legal Aid Programs: Each province and territory in Canada has its legal aid program. Contact the legal aid society in your region for more information.
8.3. Non-Profit Organizations
Are there non-profit organizations that offer assistance to individuals with criminal records? Non-profit organizations can provide valuable support to individuals with criminal records, including assistance with rehabilitation, reintegration, and legal issues. Here are some organizations to consider:
- John Howard Society: Offers programs and services to help individuals with criminal records reintegrate into society.
- Website: https://johnhoward.ca/
- Elizabeth Fry Society: Provides support to women and girls involved in the criminal justice system.
- Website: https://elizabethfrysociety.ca/
These organizations can offer guidance, resources, and advocacy to help you navigate the challenges of criminal inadmissibility.
8.4. Online Forums and Communities
Are there online forums or communities where I can connect with others facing similar challenges? Online forums and communities can provide a supportive environment where you can connect with others facing similar challenges, share information, and ask questions. Here are some online resources to explore:
- CanadaVisa Forums: A popular online forum for individuals seeking information about Canadian immigration.
- Reddit: Various subreddits, such as r/immigrationcanada, offer discussions and support for individuals navigating the Canadian immigration system.
- Website: https://www.reddit.com/
9. SIXT.VN: Your Travel Partner for Vietnam Adventures
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9.1. Why Choose SIXT.VN?
Why should I choose SIXT.VN for my travel needs in Vietnam? SIXT.VN stands out as the premier choice for travelers seeking convenience, reliability, and expert support in Vietnam.
Here are just a few reasons why SIXT.VN is the best option:
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9.2. Services Offered by SIXT.VN
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Here are some of the services we offer:
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9.3. How SIXT.VN Can Help with Travel Concerns
How can SIXT.VN help me address my travel concerns, including past legal issues? SIXT.VN understands that planning international travel can be stressful, especially when past legal issues complicate things. While we do not provide legal advice, we can offer resources and support to help you navigate these challenges.
Here are some ways SIXT.VN can assist:
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9.4. Contact Information for SIXT.VN
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10. FAQs: Traveling to Canada with a Criminal Record
Can you answer some frequently asked questions about traveling to Canada with a criminal record? Here are some frequently asked questions about traveling to Canada with a criminal record:
Q1: Can I travel to Canada with a DUI conviction?
A: It depends. If enough time has passed since you completed your sentence, you may be deemed rehabilitated. Otherwise, you may need to apply for individual rehabilitation or a Temporary Resident Permit.
Q2: What is the maximum sentence that would make me inadmissible to Canada?
A: If the crime you committed would be punishable by a maximum prison term of at least 10 years in Canada, you are likely inadmissible.
Q3: How long does it take to get rehabilitation approved?
A: The processing time for individual rehabilitation can vary, but it typically takes several months to over a year.
Q4: Can I apply for rehabilitation at the border?
A: No, you cannot apply for rehabilitation at the border. You must apply in advance through the appropriate Canadian visa office.
Q5: What is a Temporary Resident Permit (TRP), and how long is it valid?
A: A TRP allows you to enter Canada temporarily, even if you are otherwise inadmissible. It is valid for a specific period, depending on the purpose of your visit.
Q6: Do I need a lawyer to apply for rehabilitation or a TRP?
A: While it is not required, consulting with an immigration lawyer can be beneficial, as they can provide expert guidance and assist you in preparing your application.
Q7: What happens if I try to enter Canada without disclosing my criminal record?
A: Attempting to enter Canada without disclosing your criminal record can lead to serious consequences, including denial of entry and potential legal issues. It is always best to be honest and transparent with border services officers.
Q8: Can I travel to Canada if I have a pardon or record suspension?
A: If you have a Canadian record suspension (formerly known as a pardon), you are no longer inadmissible to Canada. If you have a pardon from another country, check with the Canadian visa office to determine if it is valid in Canada.
Q9: What factors are considered when assessing my eligibility for a TRP?
A: Factors considered include the reason for your visit, the potential risks you pose to Canadian society, and the necessity of your presence in Canada.
Q10: Where can I find the application forms for rehabilitation and TRPs?
A: You can find the application forms on the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website.
Navigating Canadian immigration laws with a criminal record can be daunting, but it is not impossible. By understanding the laws, exploring your options, and seeking expert advice, you can increase your chances of a successful entry into Canada. For those planning a trip to Vietnam, SIXT.VN offers comprehensive travel solutions to ensure a seamless and enjoyable experience.
Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
Hotline/WhatsApp: +84 986 244 358
Website: SIXT.VN