Traveling with your feathered friend can be a rewarding experience, and understanding the ins and outs of air travel for birds is crucial. SIXT.VN offers tailored travel advice and solutions to ensure a smooth journey for you and your avian companion, whether you’re exploring the vibrant city of Hanoi or venturing beyond. By understanding airline policies, preparing your bird for the journey, and considering alternative travel options, you can create unforgettable memories together. Let’s explore avian travel, pet-friendly airlines, and bird travel tips for your peace of mind.
Contents
- 1. What Airlines Allow Birds On Planes?
- 2. What Should I Know About Airline Policies For Birds?
- 3. How Do I Prepare My Bird For Air Travel?
- 4. What Kind Of Travel Cage Is Best For Birds On Planes?
- 5. How Can I Keep My Bird Hydrated During A Flight?
- 6. How Can I Calm My Bird During Air Travel?
- 7. What Documents Do I Need To Travel With My Bird?
- 8. Can Birds Travel In The Cabin Or Cargo Hold?
- 9. Are There Any Restrictions On Bird Species Allowed On Planes?
- 10. What Are Some Tips For Traveling With A Bird By Car?
- 11. What Should I Do If My Bird Gets Sick During Travel?
- 12. How Do I Find Pet-Friendly Hotels In Vietnam?
- 13. What Are The Quarantine Requirements For Birds Entering Vietnam?
- 14. How Can SIXT.VN Help With My Bird Travel Plans In Vietnam?
- 15. Are There Any Bird-Specific Attractions In Or Near Hanoi?
- 16. What Are The Best Times Of Year To Travel To Hanoi With A Bird?
- 17. How Can I Ensure My Bird’s Safety During Airport Security Checks?
- 18. Are There Any Specific Regulations For Bringing Bird Food Into Vietnam?
- 19. What Local Customs Should I Be Aware Of When Traveling With A Bird In Vietnam?
- 20. What Are The Best Ways To Handle Jet Lag In Birds?
- 21. How Can I Find A Reputable Avian Veterinarian In Hanoi?
- 22. What Are Some Common Health Issues To Watch Out For In Birds During Travel?
- 23. How Can I Prepare For An Emergency During Travel With My Bird?
- 24. What Are Some Fun Activities To Do With My Bird In Hanoi?
- 25. What Resources Are Available For Bird Owners Traveling Internationally?
- FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About Bird Travel
- 1. Is it safe for birds to fly on planes?
- 2. Do all airlines allow birds in the cabin?
- 3. What size carrier is required for birds in the cabin?
- 4. How can I keep my bird from being stressed during the flight?
- 5. Do I need a health certificate to travel with my bird?
- 6. Can I give my bird water during the flight?
- 7. What if my bird gets sick during travel?
- 8. Are there quarantine requirements for birds entering Vietnam?
- 9. What should I do if the airline loses my bird’s carrier?
- 10. Can SIXT.VN help with bird travel in Vietnam?
1. What Airlines Allow Birds On Planes?
Yes, some airlines allow birds on planes, but policies vary significantly. Always check with the specific airline before booking your ticket to confirm their pet travel guidelines.
Many travelers wonder, which airlines will welcome their feathered companions aboard? While airline policies can shift, several airlines are known to be more accommodating to birds in the cabin. It’s crucial to verify the latest regulations directly with the airline before booking, as policies can change. Certain airlines, such as Frontier, Spirit, Alaska, Delta, and United, generally permit birds to travel in the cabin, provided they meet specific requirements, such as being housed in an appropriate carrier that fits under the seat. However, other airlines, including American, Southwest, and JetBlue, may have stricter policies or outright prohibit birds on their flights. Remember to always confirm directly with the airline before making any travel arrangements for your bird. Pet travel policies are always subject to change.
2. What Should I Know About Airline Policies For Birds?
Airline policies for birds vary, but typically require birds to travel in a carrier that fits under the seat, and some airlines may restrict birds to the cargo hold.
When it comes to airline policies for birds, it’s essential to delve into the specifics to ensure a smooth and stress-free journey for both you and your feathered friend. These policies often dictate whether your bird can travel in the cabin with you or if it must be transported in the cargo hold. For instance, many airlines that allow birds in the cabin require them to be housed in a carrier that can comfortably fit underneath the seat in front of you. This size restriction is crucial, as it may limit the size of bird you can bring on board.
Moreover, some airlines may have specific regulations regarding the types of birds they permit, health documentation, and carrier requirements. It’s not uncommon for airlines to request a health certificate from a veterinarian to ensure your bird is fit for travel and doesn’t pose a health risk to other passengers. Additionally, they may stipulate the type of carrier that is acceptable, focusing on its size, ventilation, and overall safety features.
Given the variability in airline policies, thorough research and direct communication with the airline are paramount. By understanding and adhering to these guidelines, you can avoid any unexpected surprises at the airport and ensure a safe and comfortable travel experience for your bird.
3. How Do I Prepare My Bird For Air Travel?
Preparing your bird for air travel involves getting a suitable travel cage, ensuring hydration, practicing with the carrier, and understanding airline regulations.
Ensuring your bird’s comfort and safety during air travel requires meticulous preparation. Securing an appropriate travel cage is paramount. Their regular cage is likely too cumbersome. If your bird is joining you in the cabin, the airline will mandate that the carrier fits snugly under the seat ahead. For cargo travel, label the carrier clearly to prevent separation, including your contact details for easy communication. Hydration is crucial; since providing water mid-flight can be challenging, pack hydrating foods like fruits. Consider spritzing these with water for extra moisture. Acclimatize your bird to the carrier well before the flight to ease anxiety. Above all, remember that your bird must remain in its carrier throughout the flight.
4. What Kind Of Travel Cage Is Best For Birds On Planes?
The best travel cage for birds on planes is one that is airline-approved, fits under the seat, is well-ventilated, and is comfortable for the bird.
Choosing the right travel cage is pivotal for ensuring your bird’s safety and comfort during air travel. The ideal cage should align with airline regulations, fitting snugly under the seat if your bird is traveling in the cabin. Ventilation is key to maintaining air quality and preventing overheating, so opt for a cage with ample ventilation holes. Comfort is equally important; line the cage with familiar bedding and include perches for your bird to grip. Prioritize security features like a secure latch to prevent escapes, and sturdy construction to withstand potential bumps during transit. By selecting a travel cage that meets these criteria, you’ll provide your feathered friend with a secure and comfortable environment for the journey.
5. How Can I Keep My Bird Hydrated During A Flight?
To keep your bird hydrated during a flight, provide water-rich foods like fruits and vegetables, and consider using a sipper bottle instead of an open dish.
Maintaining your bird’s hydration during a flight is essential for their well-being. Since providing water mid-flight can be challenging, focus on incorporating water-rich foods into their travel diet. Fruits like grapes, berries, and melon, along with vegetables like cucumber and lettuce, can help keep your bird hydrated. Additionally, consider using a sipper bottle instead of an open dish to prevent spills and ensure a consistent water supply. You can also spritz their food with water to provide extra moisture. Monitoring your bird’s behavior for signs of dehydration, such as lethargy or dry eyes, is crucial. By taking these proactive measures, you can help your feathered friend stay hydrated and comfortable throughout the journey.
6. How Can I Calm My Bird During Air Travel?
To calm your bird during air travel, acclimate them to the carrier beforehand, cover the cage partially, and maintain a calm demeanor yourself.
Minimizing stress for your bird during air travel requires a thoughtful approach. Begin by familiarizing your bird with the travel carrier well in advance of the flight. Encourage them to spend time inside the carrier, gradually increasing the duration, to reduce anxiety. During the journey, consider partially covering the cage with a lightweight cloth to provide a sense of security and reduce visual stimulation. Your demeanor also plays a crucial role; remain calm and speak to your bird in a soothing voice to reassure them. Additionally, consider using calming aids recommended by your veterinarian, such as herbal supplements or pheromone diffusers designed for birds. By implementing these strategies, you can create a more relaxed and comfortable travel experience for your feathered companion.
7. What Documents Do I Need To Travel With My Bird?
Documents needed to travel with your bird may include a health certificate from a veterinarian, proof of vaccinations (if any), and any required permits for international travel.
Navigating the documentation requirements for traveling with your bird can seem daunting, but with careful preparation, it’s entirely manageable. Typically, you’ll need a health certificate from a licensed veterinarian, confirming that your bird is healthy and free from any contagious diseases. This certificate is often required by airlines and may have specific validity periods, so be sure to obtain it close to your travel date. Depending on your destination, you may also need proof of vaccinations, although vaccinations for birds are less common than for other pets. For international travel, permits from the relevant wildlife authorities may be necessary, and regulations can vary significantly from country to country. It’s crucial to research the specific requirements of your destination well in advance of your trip to ensure you have all the necessary paperwork in order.
8. Can Birds Travel In The Cabin Or Cargo Hold?
Whether birds can travel in the cabin or cargo hold depends on the airline’s policy, the size of the bird, and the type of carrier.
Deciding whether your bird can travel in the cabin or cargo hold hinges on several factors. The airline’s policy is paramount, as some airlines permit birds in the cabin while others restrict them to the cargo hold. Size also matters, as larger birds may only be allowed in the cargo hold due to space constraints. The type of carrier is another consideration, as airlines typically require carriers to fit comfortably under the seat in front of you for cabin travel.
Traveling in the cabin offers the advantage of keeping your bird close and monitoring their well-being throughout the flight. However, cargo travel may be necessary for larger birds or when airline policies dictate. If your bird must travel in the cargo hold, ensure the carrier is sturdy, well-ventilated, and clearly labeled with your contact information. Additionally, consider informing the airline staff of your concerns and requesting that they take extra care in handling your bird.
9. Are There Any Restrictions On Bird Species Allowed On Planes?
Yes, some airlines may have restrictions on the species of birds allowed on planes, particularly for exotic or endangered species.
When planning air travel with your bird, it’s essential to be aware of potential restrictions on specific species. Airlines may impose limitations on certain types of birds, particularly exotic or endangered species, to comply with conservation regulations and prevent the spread of diseases. These restrictions can vary depending on the airline and the destination, so thorough research is crucial.
To ensure compliance, contact the airline directly to inquire about any species-specific restrictions that may apply to your bird. Additionally, consult with wildlife authorities or regulatory agencies to determine if any permits or documentation are required for your bird’s species. Failure to comply with these regulations can result in fines, penalties, or even the denial of travel for your feathered friend.
10. What Are Some Tips For Traveling With A Bird By Car?
Tips for traveling with a bird by car include securing the cage, providing food and water, covering the cage for comfort, and avoiding extreme temperatures.
Embarking on a road trip with your avian companion requires thoughtful planning to ensure their safety and comfort. Start by securely fastening the bird’s cage in your vehicle to prevent it from sliding or tipping over during transit. Make sure to offer your feathered friend a consistent supply of fresh food and water throughout the journey, opting for a water bottle instead of an open bowl to minimize spills.
To create a serene atmosphere for your bird, think about covering the cage with a lightweight cloth, which can aid in easing anxiety and provide a sense of security. It’s also vital to shield your bird from severe temperature fluctuations, as intense heat or cold can be harmful. Refrain from leaving your bird unattended in a parked vehicle, particularly on sweltering or freezing days. By adhering to these tips, you can transform your car journey into a pleasant adventure for both you and your cherished bird.
11. What Should I Do If My Bird Gets Sick During Travel?
If your bird gets sick during travel, seek veterinary care immediately. Have a travel-sized first-aid kit and the contact information of avian vets along your route.
If your bird exhibits signs of illness during travel, prompt action is crucial. Immediately seek veterinary care to address the underlying issue and prevent further complications. Carry a travel-sized first-aid kit stocked with essential supplies, such as antiseptic wipes, sterile gauze, and a small syringe for administering medication. Prior to your trip, research avian veterinarians along your route and keep their contact information readily accessible. When seeking veterinary care, provide the veterinarian with a detailed account of your bird’s symptoms, recent travel history, and any pre-existing medical conditions. With swift and informed action, you can ensure your bird receives the necessary care to recover and continue enjoying the journey.
12. How Do I Find Pet-Friendly Hotels In Vietnam?
To find pet-friendly hotels in Vietnam, use online travel platforms that offer pet-friendly filters and check the hotel’s pet policies directly.
Finding pet-friendly accommodations in Vietnam requires a strategic approach. Start by leveraging online travel platforms that offer pet-friendly filters, allowing you to narrow down your search to hotels that welcome animals. Once you’ve identified potential options, delve into the hotel’s pet policies directly, either on their website or by contacting them via phone or email. Pay close attention to any restrictions on pet size, breed, or species, as well as any associated fees or deposits. Additionally, consider reading reviews from other pet owners to gauge their experiences at the hotel. By combining online research with direct communication, you can confidently select a pet-friendly hotel that meets the needs of both you and your feathered friend.
13. What Are The Quarantine Requirements For Birds Entering Vietnam?
Quarantine requirements for birds entering Vietnam vary but generally involve a quarantine period and health inspections to prevent the spread of diseases.
Understanding the quarantine requirements for birds entering Vietnam is crucial for ensuring compliance with local regulations and safeguarding the health of the avian population. Generally, birds entering Vietnam are subject to a quarantine period, during which they are closely monitored for signs of illness or disease. The duration of the quarantine period can vary depending on factors such as the bird’s origin, species, and health status.
In addition to quarantine, birds may undergo health inspections by veterinary authorities to assess their overall health and detect any potential diseases. These inspections may involve blood tests, fecal exams, and other diagnostic procedures. It’s essential to obtain the necessary permits and documentation from the relevant authorities prior to importing your bird into Vietnam. Failure to comply with quarantine requirements can result in fines, penalties, or even the confiscation of your bird.
14. How Can SIXT.VN Help With My Bird Travel Plans In Vietnam?
SIXT.VN can assist with your bird travel plans in Vietnam by providing information on pet-friendly services, airport transfers, and travel advice tailored to your needs.
SIXT.VN understands the unique challenges and considerations involved in traveling with your bird in Vietnam and offers a range of services to assist you with your travel plans. We can provide valuable information on pet-friendly accommodations, transportation options, and local regulations to ensure a smooth and stress-free journey for both you and your feathered friend.
Our team can also arrange airport transfers that accommodate pets, ensuring a comfortable and convenient arrival and departure experience. Additionally, we offer personalized travel advice tailored to your specific needs, including guidance on obtaining the necessary permits and documentation for your bird. With SIXT.VN, you can rest assured that your bird travel plans in Vietnam are in capable hands.
15. Are There Any Bird-Specific Attractions In Or Near Hanoi?
While there may not be dedicated bird-specific attractions, Hanoi offers numerous parks and green spaces where you can enjoy birdwatching with your pet.
While Hanoi may not boast explicitly bird-centric attractions, the city and its surroundings offer ample opportunities for birdwatching and enjoying nature with your feathered companion. Numerous parks, gardens, and green spaces provide ideal habitats for various bird species, allowing you to immerse yourself in the natural beauty of Vietnam.
Consider exploring destinations such as the Hanoi Botanical Garden, known for its diverse flora and fauna, or venture further afield to nearby national parks and nature reserves. These areas offer tranquil settings for birdwatching, providing opportunities to spot native species in their natural habitats. While respecting local regulations and guidelines, you can create memorable experiences with your bird amidst the scenic landscapes of Hanoi and its environs.
16. What Are The Best Times Of Year To Travel To Hanoi With A Bird?
The best times of year to travel to Hanoi with a bird are during the spring (March to April) and autumn (September to November) for milder temperatures and less rainfall.
When planning your trip to Hanoi with your avian companion, timing is key to ensuring a comfortable and enjoyable experience. The spring (March to April) and autumn (September to November) months typically offer the most favorable weather conditions, characterized by milder temperatures and lower rainfall. During these periods, you can explore the city’s attractions and outdoor spaces without the discomfort of extreme heat or heavy rains.
However, it’s essential to remain mindful of potential seasonal variations and weather patterns. Even during the spring and autumn, occasional showers or fluctuations in temperature can occur. Therefore, it’s advisable to monitor weather forecasts leading up to your trip and pack accordingly. By carefully selecting the timing of your visit, you can maximize your chances of experiencing Hanoi’s beauty with your bird in pleasant and comfortable conditions.
17. How Can I Ensure My Bird’s Safety During Airport Security Checks?
To ensure your bird’s safety during airport security checks, inform TSA agents in advance, remove the bird from the carrier in a private room if possible, and keep the bird under your control.
Navigating airport security checks with your bird requires careful planning and communication. Start by informing TSA (Transportation Security Administration) agents about your avian companion in advance. This allows them to prepare for the screening process and provide any necessary accommodations. If possible, request a private screening room where you can safely remove your bird from its carrier without exposing it to the noise and chaos of the general security area.
During the screening process, keep your bird under close control at all times. Use a harness or leash to prevent it from flying away or becoming startled. Follow the instructions of the TSA agents and cooperate fully with their requests. By taking these precautions, you can minimize stress for your bird and ensure a smooth and safe passage through airport security.
18. Are There Any Specific Regulations For Bringing Bird Food Into Vietnam?
Yes, there may be specific regulations for bringing bird food into Vietnam, so check with Vietnamese customs and quarantine authorities beforehand.
When preparing to travel to Vietnam with your bird, it’s crucial to investigate any specific regulations concerning the importation of bird food. Vietnamese customs and quarantine authorities may have restrictions on certain types of bird food to prevent the introduction of pests or diseases. To ensure compliance, it’s recommended to contact these authorities directly before your trip.
Inquire about any prohibited ingredients or brands, as well as any required documentation or permits. Additionally, consider purchasing bird food locally upon arrival in Vietnam to avoid any potential issues with customs. By taking these proactive steps, you can ensure a hassle-free experience when bringing bird food into Vietnam and provide your feathered friend with their familiar diet throughout the journey.
19. What Local Customs Should I Be Aware Of When Traveling With A Bird In Vietnam?
When traveling with a bird in Vietnam, be mindful of local customs regarding animals, seek permission before taking photos, and respect cultural norms.
When traveling with a bird in Vietnam, cultural sensitivity is paramount. Be mindful of local customs and traditions related to animals. In some cultures, certain animals may hold symbolic or religious significance, so it’s essential to respect these beliefs. Seek permission before taking photos of people with your bird, as some individuals may not be comfortable being photographed. Additionally, adhere to local norms regarding noise levels and public behavior to avoid causing offense. By demonstrating respect for Vietnamese customs and traditions, you can foster positive interactions and create a more enriching travel experience for yourself and your feathered friend.
20. What Are The Best Ways To Handle Jet Lag In Birds?
To help birds handle jet lag, gradually adjust their schedule before travel, provide plenty of light and water, and maintain a consistent routine upon arrival.
Birds, like humans, can experience jet lag when traveling across time zones. To mitigate the effects of jet lag in your feathered friend, consider gradually adjusting their schedule in the days leading up to your trip. Shift their feeding and sleeping times incrementally to align with the destination’s time zone. Upon arrival, provide plenty of light and fresh water to help them adjust to the new environment.
Maintain a consistent routine to provide stability and reassurance. Stick to regular feeding times, playtime, and sleep schedules as much as possible. Additionally, monitor your bird for signs of jet lag, such as lethargy or changes in appetite, and consult with a veterinarian if you have any concerns. With patience and proactive care, you can help your bird adapt to the new time zone and minimize the impact of jet lag.
21. How Can I Find A Reputable Avian Veterinarian In Hanoi?
To find a reputable avian veterinarian in Hanoi, ask for recommendations from local pet owners, check online directories, and verify credentials and experience.
When seeking veterinary care for your bird in Hanoi, it’s essential to find a reputable avian veterinarian with the expertise and experience to provide quality care. Start by asking for recommendations from local pet owners or bird enthusiasts. They may be able to refer you to trusted veterinarians in the area. Additionally, check online directories and review websites for listings of avian veterinarians in Hanoi.
Once you’ve compiled a list of potential candidates, take the time to verify their credentials and experience. Ensure that they are licensed and have specialized training in avian medicine. Consider scheduling a consultation to discuss your bird’s specific needs and assess the veterinarian’s approach to care. By taking these steps, you can confidently select a reputable avian veterinarian in Hanoi who will provide the best possible care for your feathered friend.
22. What Are Some Common Health Issues To Watch Out For In Birds During Travel?
Common health issues to watch out for in birds during travel include stress-related illnesses, respiratory problems, and dehydration.
During travel, birds are susceptible to a range of health issues that owners should be vigilant about. Stress-related illnesses are common, as travel can be a stressful experience for birds, leading to weakened immune systems and increased vulnerability to infections. Respiratory problems can also arise due to changes in air quality and exposure to new environments. Dehydration is another concern, especially during long flights or car rides, as birds may not drink enough water.
To minimize these risks, provide a comfortable and stress-free environment for your bird during travel. Ensure they have access to fresh water and nutritious food, and monitor them closely for any signs of illness, such as lethargy, changes in appetite, or difficulty breathing. If you notice any concerning symptoms, seek veterinary care promptly.
23. How Can I Prepare For An Emergency During Travel With My Bird?
To prepare for an emergency during travel with your bird, create a travel-sized first-aid kit, research emergency veterinary services, and have a contingency plan in place.
Preparing for emergencies is essential when traveling with your bird to ensure their safety and well-being. Start by assembling a travel-sized first-aid kit containing essential supplies such as antiseptic wipes, sterile gauze, bandages, and a small syringe for administering medication. Research emergency veterinary services along your route and keep their contact information readily accessible.
Develop a contingency plan outlining steps to take in various emergency scenarios, such as illness, injury, or loss of your bird. Include information on local resources, transportation options, and communication protocols. Share this plan with any travel companions and ensure everyone knows how to respond in an emergency. By taking these proactive measures, you can minimize the impact of unforeseen events and provide the best possible care for your feathered friend.
24. What Are Some Fun Activities To Do With My Bird In Hanoi?
Fun activities to do with your bird in Hanoi include exploring parks and gardens, enjoying supervised outdoor time, and visiting pet-friendly cafes.
While Hanoi may not have bird-specific attractions, there are still plenty of fun activities you can enjoy with your feathered friend. Take advantage of the city’s numerous parks and gardens, where you can stroll amidst lush greenery and observe local birdlife. Consider providing supervised outdoor time for your bird in a secure and enclosed area, allowing them to bask in the sunshine and fresh air.
Additionally, research pet-friendly cafes or restaurants that welcome well-behaved birds, providing a unique opportunity to socialize and enjoy a meal together. Remember to prioritize your bird’s safety and well-being at all times and adhere to any local regulations or guidelines regarding animals in public spaces.
25. What Resources Are Available For Bird Owners Traveling Internationally?
Resources for bird owners traveling internationally include the USDA APHIS, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and pet travel websites and forums.
Navigating international travel with your bird requires access to reliable resources and information. The USDA APHIS (United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service) is a valuable resource for U.S. residents, providing guidance on import and export regulations for animals. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) offers international standards and guidelines for animal health and welfare.
Additionally, pet travel websites and forums can provide valuable insights, tips, and advice from experienced bird owners who have traveled internationally. These resources can help you navigate the complexities of international travel with your bird and ensure a smooth and compliant journey.
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About Bird Travel
1. Is it safe for birds to fly on planes?
Yes, if proper precautions are taken. Ensure your bird is healthy, has an appropriate carrier, and the airline is informed.
2. Do all airlines allow birds in the cabin?
No, airline policies vary. Check with the specific airline before booking.
3. What size carrier is required for birds in the cabin?
The carrier must fit under the seat in front of you.
4. How can I keep my bird from being stressed during the flight?
Acclimate your bird to the carrier, cover the cage partially, and maintain a calm demeanor.
5. Do I need a health certificate to travel with my bird?
Yes, most airlines require a health certificate from a veterinarian.
6. Can I give my bird water during the flight?
It’s difficult, so provide water-rich foods like fruits.
7. What if my bird gets sick during travel?
Seek veterinary care immediately and have a travel-sized first-aid kit.
8. Are there quarantine requirements for birds entering Vietnam?
Yes, there is usually a quarantine period and health inspections.
9. What should I do if the airline loses my bird’s carrier?
File a report immediately and provide all necessary contact information.
10. Can SIXT.VN help with bird travel in Vietnam?
Yes, SIXT.VN provides information on pet-friendly services and travel advice.
Ready to plan your adventure in Vietnam with your avian friend? Let SIXT.VN take the stress out of travel planning. We offer comprehensive services, including personalized itinerary planning, convenient airport transfers, a wide selection of hotels, and unforgettable tours of Hanoi. Contact us today via Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358 or visit our website at SIXT.VN to start creating your dream vacation. Our address is 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Let SIXT.VN help you discover the beauty of Vietnam with your bird by your side, making memories that will last a lifetime.