Are There Specific Villages Famous for Xoan Singing?

Are you planning a trip to Vietnam and curious about its unique cultural heritage, particularly Xoan singing? SIXT.VN is here to guide you! We’ll explore the villages renowned for this captivating art form, offering a glimpse into the heart of Vietnamese tradition and how you can experience it firsthand. Discover the beauty of Xoan heritage with SIXT.VN’s travel service, and delve into Vietnamese culture, traditional music, and Phu Tho’s villages.

1. What is Xoan Singing and Why Is It Important?

Xoan singing, also known as Hat Xoan, is a unique and ancient Vietnamese folk art form originating from the Phu Tho province in northern Vietnam. It’s not just a musical genre; it’s a vibrant blend of song, dance, and ritual performance, deeply rooted in the cultural and spiritual life of the local communities.

• A UNESCO Treasure: Recognizing its cultural significance, UNESCO inscribed Xoan singing on its List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding in 2011. This recognition has spurred efforts to revitalize and preserve this precious art form for future generations.
• More Than Just Music: Xoan singing isn’t just about the melodies; it’s a holistic performance art. It incorporates:
  • Singing: Distinctive call-and-response vocals that create a mesmerizing atmosphere.
  • Dancing: Graceful movements that complement the songs and tell stories.
  • Rituals: Performances often held to honor ancient kings or express community values.
• Expressing Community Life: Xoan singing serves as a powerful medium for expressing the richness of community life in Phu Tho. The songs and dances often reflect:
  • Veneration of Ancient Kings: Paying homage to historical figures and their contributions.
  • Expressions of Skills and Artistry: Showcasing the talents and craftsmanship of the local people.
  • Knowledge of Rural Crafts: Reflecting the importance of farming, fishing, hunting, weaving, and other traditional occupations.
• The Essence of Identity: Xoan singing is considered the core and essence of the social and cultural identity of several villages in Phu Tho province. It embodies the values, beliefs, and traditions that have been passed down through generations.

Why is Xoan Singing Important?

• Preserving Cultural Heritage: It safeguards a unique and ancient art form from disappearing.
• Promoting Cultural Identity: It strengthens the sense of belonging and pride within communities.
• Fostering Intergenerational Transmission: It ensures that traditional knowledge and skills are passed on to younger generations.
• Enhancing Social Cohesion: It brings people together through shared cultural experiences.
• Boosting Tourism and Economic Development: It attracts tourists interested in experiencing authentic Vietnamese culture, thereby supporting local economies.

2. Which Villages are Most Famous for Xoan Singing?

While Xoan singing is prevalent in several communities within Phu Tho province, some villages are particularly renowned for their deep-rooted traditions and contributions to the art form. These villages are considered the heartland of Xoan singing and offer the most authentic experiences for visitors.

The Core Villages:

• Phu Duc Village: This village is considered one of the most important centers of Xoan singing. It boasts a rich history and a strong tradition of performance.
• Kim Dai Village: Like Phu Duc, Kim Dai has a long and distinguished history of Xoan singing. The villagers have actively participated in preservation and promotion efforts.
• Thet Village: This village is another key location for Xoan singing, with a vibrant community of performers and enthusiasts.
• An Thai Village: Completing the quartet of core villages, An Thai is deeply involved in the preservation and practice of Xoan singing.

These four villages are often considered the “cradle” of Xoan singing, where the art form has been nurtured and passed down through generations. They are the primary locations where visitors can witness authentic Xoan performances and learn about the history and cultural significance of the art form.

Other Important Locations:

• Kim Duc Commune (Viet Tri): This commune is home to the Lai Len temple, which, according to legend, is the first site of Xoan performance in Vietnam. The temple has been restored and is now the country’s largest site for Xoan practice.
• Viet Tri City: As the capital of Phu Tho province, Viet Tri City plays a central role in promoting and preserving Xoan singing. The city hosts festivals, events, and training programs related to Xoan.

Why These Villages?

These villages are famous for Xoan singing due to a combination of factors:

• Historical Significance: They have a long history of practicing and preserving the art form.
• Strong Community Involvement: The local communities are deeply committed to Xoan singing and actively participate in its preservation.
• Presence of Master Practitioners: The villages are home to skilled and knowledgeable elder practitioners who pass on their knowledge to younger generations.
• Dedicated Performance Spaces: They have temples, shrines, and communal houses that serve as traditional performance venues.

3. What Can You Experience in These Xoan Singing Villages?

Visiting the villages famous for Xoan singing offers a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in Vietnamese culture and experience the beauty of this ancient art form firsthand. Here’s what you can expect:

• Authentic Xoan Performances: Witness traditional Xoan performances in their original settings, often held in temples, communal houses, or village squares. These performances are not staged for tourists; they are genuine expressions of community life and cultural identity.
• Interaction with Performers: Engage with the local performers, learn about their stories, and gain a deeper understanding of the art form. Many performers are eager to share their knowledge and passion for Xoan singing with visitors.
• Cultural Immersion: Experience the daily life of the villagers, participate in traditional activities, and learn about their customs and beliefs. This is an opportunity to connect with the local culture on a deeper level.
• Visits to Historical Sites: Explore the temples, shrines, and other historical sites associated with Xoan singing. These sites offer insights into the history and cultural significance of the art form.
• Festivals and Events: If you’re lucky, you may be able to attend a local festival or event that features Xoan singing. These events are a vibrant celebration of Vietnamese culture and offer a unique opportunity to experience the art form in a festive atmosphere.
• Learning Opportunities: Participate in workshops or classes where you can learn the basics of Xoan singing and dancing. This is a fun and interactive way to engage with the art form and gain a deeper appreciation for its complexity.
• Support Local Communities: By visiting these villages and supporting local businesses, you can contribute to the preservation of Xoan singing and the sustainable development of the communities.

Specifically, you can:

• Attend a Xoan Singing Festival: Phu Tho province regularly hosts Xoan singing festivals, especially around the Lunar New Year (Tet) and other traditional holidays. These festivals bring together Xoan troupes from different villages for performances and competitions.
• Visit the Lai Len Temple: Located in Kim Duc commune, this temple is considered the birthplace of Xoan singing. It has been restored and is now a major center for Xoan practice.
• Take a Xoan Singing Workshop: Some villages offer workshops where you can learn the basics of Xoan singing and dancing from local masters.
• Stay in a Homestay: Several homestays in the Xoan singing villages offer an immersive cultural experience. You can live with a local family, learn about their traditions, and participate in their daily activities.

4. How Has Xoan Singing Been Revitalized?

The inscription of Xoan singing on UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding in 2011 triggered a significant revitalization effort to ensure the survival and continued practice of this precious art form. This revitalization program has involved a multi-faceted approach, with the active participation of the state, local communities, and cultural organizations.

Key Initiatives:

• Training Programs: Regular training classes are held monthly and weekly within the Xoan singing communities. These classes provide opportunities for younger generations to learn the art form from experienced practitioners.
• Xoan Guilds: Active Xoan guilds, comprising members from multiple generations of practitioner families, have been established. These guilds play a vital role in recruiting new adherents and transmitting the art form to future generations. Some guilds have as many as a hundred members, demonstrating the growing interest in Xoan singing.
• Integration into School Curriculum: Xoan singing has been introduced into the regional school curriculum as a reference point for teaching heritage and local history. This helps to raise awareness among young people and instill a sense of pride in their cultural heritage.
• Community Performances: Demonstration activities and social events are organized outside the Xoan communities to attract young people and increase their understanding and enjoyment of the art form. These performances help to broaden the audience for Xoan singing and promote its cultural value.
• Restoration of Performance Spaces: Many of the temples and shrines used for Xoan performances had deteriorated due to war and time. The state has allocated priority funding to restore these performance areas, providing suitable venues for performances and community gatherings. Community members are actively involved in the restoration process and are empowered to manage their own cultural spaces.
• Increased Awareness: Increased awareness and appreciation of Xoan singing have fostered new respect for intangible cultural heritage.

Evidence of Success:

• Growing Number of Practitioners: The number of people actively involved in Xoan singing has increased significantly since 2011.
• Active Participation of Younger Generations: Younger generations are increasingly interested in learning and practicing Xoan singing.
• Increased Audience Engagement: More people are attending Xoan performances and events, demonstrating a growing appreciation for the art form.
• Improved Infrastructure: The restoration of performance spaces has created better venues for Xoan singing and other cultural activities.

Challenges Remaining:

Despite the successes of the revitalization program, some challenges remain:

• Ensuring Sustainability: Continued efforts are needed to ensure the long-term sustainability of Xoan singing.
• Balancing Tradition and Innovation: Finding ways to preserve the traditional essence of Xoan singing while also allowing for innovation and adaptation.
• Reaching Wider Audiences: Expanding the audience for Xoan singing beyond the local communities.
• Supporting Master Practitioners: Providing adequate support and recognition for the master practitioners who are the custodians of the art form.

5. What Role Does Tourism Play in Preserving Xoan Singing?

Tourism can play a significant role in preserving Xoan singing by generating economic benefits for the local communities, raising awareness of the art form, and promoting cultural exchange. However, it is crucial to manage tourism in a sustainable and responsible manner to avoid negative impacts on the cultural heritage and the environment.

Positive Impacts of Tourism:

• Economic Benefits: Tourism can provide income for local communities through the sale of souvenirs, accommodation, food, and other services. This income can be used to support the preservation of Xoan singing and other cultural activities.
• Increased Awareness: Tourism can raise awareness of Xoan singing among a wider audience, both domestically and internationally. This can lead to greater appreciation and support for the art form.
• Cultural Exchange: Tourism can promote cultural exchange between visitors and local communities. This can help to foster understanding and respect for different cultures.
• Incentive for Preservation: Tourism can create an incentive for local communities to preserve their cultural heritage, as it becomes a valuable asset for attracting visitors.

Negative Impacts of Tourism:

• Commodification of Culture: Tourism can lead to the commodification of culture, where cultural practices are altered or commercialized to cater to tourist demands. This can undermine the authenticity and cultural significance of Xoan singing.
• Environmental Degradation: Tourism can contribute to environmental degradation through increased pollution, waste generation, and overuse of natural resources. This can negatively impact the cultural landscape and the quality of life for local communities.
• Displacement of Local Communities: Tourism development can lead to the displacement of local communities from their traditional lands and livelihoods. This can disrupt their cultural practices and social structures.
• Cultural Misunderstanding: Tourism can sometimes lead to cultural misunderstanding and misrepresentation, as visitors may not fully understand the cultural context and significance of Xoan singing.

Sustainable Tourism Practices:

To maximize the positive impacts of tourism and minimize the negative impacts, it is essential to adopt sustainable tourism practices:

• Community Involvement: Involve local communities in all aspects of tourism planning and development. This ensures that tourism benefits the communities and respects their cultural values.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Promote cultural sensitivity among tourists and encourage them to learn about the history, cultural significance, and etiquette of Xoan singing.
• Environmental Protection: Implement measures to protect the environment, such as reducing pollution, conserving water, and managing waste effectively.
• Support Local Businesses: Encourage tourists to support local businesses, such as homestays, restaurants, and craft shops. This helps to generate income for the communities and promote sustainable development.
• Promote Responsible Consumption: Encourage tourists to consume responsibly by avoiding the purchase of endangered species products and respecting local customs and traditions.

SIXT.VN’s Role in Sustainable Tourism:

SIXT.VN is committed to promoting sustainable tourism practices in Vietnam. We work with local partners to develop tours and experiences that respect the cultural heritage and the environment. We also provide information and resources to help tourists travel responsibly and make informed choices. We ensure our tours contribute positively to the local economy and avoid exploitation of local culture.

6. How Can You Plan a Trip to Experience Xoan Singing?

Planning a trip to experience Xoan singing in Phu Tho province requires careful consideration of several factors, including the best time to visit, how to get there, where to stay, and what to do. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

1. Determine the Best Time to Visit:

• Festivals: The best time to visit is during one of the Xoan singing festivals, which are typically held around the Lunar New Year (Tet) and other traditional holidays. These festivals offer the most vibrant and immersive cultural experiences.
• Weather: The weather in Phu Tho province is generally pleasant, with warm temperatures and moderate rainfall. The best time to visit is during the dry season (October to April), when the weather is most comfortable for outdoor activities.

2. Getting to Phu Tho Province:

• Hanoi: The most convenient way to get to Phu Tho province is from Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam.
• Bus: You can take a bus from Hanoi to Viet Tri City, the capital of Phu Tho province. Buses depart regularly from various bus stations in Hanoi. The journey takes approximately 2-3 hours.
• Train: You can also take a train from Hanoi to Viet Tri City. The train journey takes approximately 2-3 hours.
• Private Car: SIXT.VN offers private car services from Hanoi to Phu Tho province. This is the most convenient and comfortable option, especially if you are traveling with a group or have a lot of luggage.

3. Accommodation Options:

• Viet Tri City: Viet Tri City offers a range of accommodation options, including hotels, guesthouses, and homestays.
• Xoan Singing Villages: For a more immersive cultural experience, consider staying in a homestay in one of the Xoan singing villages. This will give you the opportunity to live with a local family, learn about their traditions, and participate in their daily activities.
• SIXT.VN Hotel Booking: SIXT.VN offers a wide range of hotel options in Phu Tho province. We can help you find the perfect accommodation to suit your needs and budget.

4. Activities and Attractions:

• Attend a Xoan Singing Performance: The highlight of your trip will be attending a Xoan singing performance in one of the villages. Check with the local tourism office for information on upcoming performances.
• Visit the Lai Len Temple: This temple in Kim Duc commune is considered the birthplace of Xoan singing and is a must-see for any visitor interested in the art form.
• Explore the Xoan Singing Villages: Take time to explore the villages and learn about the local culture and traditions.
• Visit Hung Kings Temple: The Hung Kings Temple is a significant historical and cultural site.
• Take a Cooking Class: Learn how to prepare traditional Vietnamese dishes.

5. Booking Your Trip with SIXT.VN:

• Convenience: SIXT.VN offers a one-stop shop for all your travel needs, including flights, accommodation, transportation, and tours.
• Expert Advice: Our travel experts can provide you with personalized advice and recommendations to help you plan the perfect trip.
• Competitive Prices: We offer competitive prices on all our services.
• 24/7 Support: We provide 24/7 support to ensure that your trip goes smoothly.

Sample Itinerary (3 Days/2 Nights):

• Day 1:
  • Arrive in Hanoi and transfer to Viet Tri City by private car with SIXT.VN.
  • Check into your hotel in Viet Tri City.
  • Visit the Hung Kings Temple.
• Day 2:
  • Visit the Lai Len Temple in Kim Duc commune.
  • Attend a Xoan singing performance in one of the villages.
  • Enjoy a traditional Vietnamese dinner.
• Day 3:
  • Explore the Xoan singing villages and learn about the local culture.
  • Take a cooking class.
  • Transfer back to Hanoi by private car with SIXT.VN.

7. What are Some Important Customs to Respect When Visiting Xoan Villages?

When visiting the villages famous for Xoan singing, it’s essential to be mindful of local customs and traditions. Respecting these customs will not only enhance your experience but also contribute to the preservation of the cultural heritage. Here are some important customs to keep in mind:

• Dress Modestly: When visiting temples, shrines, and other religious sites, dress modestly. Avoid wearing revealing clothing, such as shorts, tank tops, and low-cut dresses. Cover your shoulders and knees.
• Remove Shoes: Before entering a temple or a traditional house, remove your shoes. This is a sign of respect for the sacred space.
• Be Quiet and Respectful: Maintain a quiet and respectful demeanor when visiting religious sites or attending cultural performances. Avoid talking loudly, laughing, or making disruptive noises.
• Ask Permission Before Taking Photos: Before taking photos of people, especially performers, ask for their permission. Some people may not want to be photographed, and it’s important to respect their wishes.
• Don’t Touch Sacred Objects: Avoid touching sacred objects, such as statues, altars, and ritual implements. These objects are considered to be spiritually significant, and touching them may be seen as disrespectful.
• Show Respect for Elders: Show respect for elders by greeting them politely and offering them assistance if needed. Elders are highly respected in Vietnamese culture, and it’s important to treat them with deference.
• Learn a Few Basic Vietnamese Phrases: Learning a few basic Vietnamese phrases, such as “hello” (xin chào), “thank you” (cảm ơn), and “excuse me” (xin lỗi), will be greatly appreciated by the locals.
• Be Mindful of Your Body Language: Avoid pointing your feet at people, as this is considered to be rude in Vietnamese culture. Also, avoid crossing your arms in front of your chest, as this can be interpreted as a sign of arrogance.
• Participate Respectfully: If you have the opportunity to participate in a cultural activity, such as a traditional dance or a ritual ceremony, do so respectfully and follow the instructions of the local guides.
• Support Local Businesses: Support local businesses by purchasing souvenirs, eating at local restaurants, and staying in local accommodations. This will help to generate income for the communities and promote sustainable development.

Specific Customs Related to Xoan Singing:

• Attend Performances with Respect: When attending a Xoan singing performance, dress respectfully, be quiet and attentive, and avoid talking or making disruptive noises.
• Offer Appreciation: After the performance, offer your appreciation to the performers by clapping or expressing your gratitude in Vietnamese.
• Learn About the Lyrics: Try to learn about the lyrics of the Xoan songs and their cultural significance. This will enhance your understanding and appreciation of the art form.
• Respect the Rituals: If the performance includes any ritual elements, such as offerings or prayers, observe them with respect and avoid interfering with the proceedings.

By following these customs, you can ensure that your visit to the Xoan singing villages is a positive and enriching experience for both you and the local communities.

8. What Other Attractions Can You Visit Near the Xoan Singing Villages?

While the Xoan singing villages are the main attraction in Phu Tho province, there are several other interesting places to visit in the surrounding area. These attractions offer a glimpse into the history, culture, and natural beauty of the region. Here are some recommendations:

• Hung Kings Temple: Located on Nghia Linh Mountain, the Hung Kings Temple is a complex of temples dedicated to the Hung Kings, the legendary founders of Vietnam. This is one of the most important historical and cultural sites in Vietnam.
• Ao Chau Lagoon: This scenic lagoon is a popular spot for boating, fishing, and relaxing by the water.
• Xuan Son National Park: This national park is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including several rare and endangered species. It’s a great place for hiking, birdwatching, and exploring the natural beauty of the region.
• Long Coc Tea Hills: These rolling hills are covered in lush green tea plantations, creating a picturesque landscape. You can take a tour of the tea plantations, learn about the tea-making process, and sample some of the local tea.
• Trung Vuong Temple: The temple honors King Hung and his generals, as well as other national heroes.

Day Trips from Phu Tho:

• Tam Dao National Park: Located in Vinh Phuc province, Tam Dao National Park is a mountain resort town known for its cool climate, stunning scenery, and French colonial architecture.
• Ba Vi National Park: Located near Hanoi, Ba Vi National Park is a mountain range with lush forests, waterfalls, and panoramic views.
• Mai Chau Valley: Located in Hoa Binh province, Mai Chau Valley is a picturesque valley surrounded by mountains and dotted with traditional Thai villages.

Combining Your Trip:

Consider combining your visit to the Xoan singing villages with a trip to other attractions in Phu Tho province and the surrounding areas. This will give you a more comprehensive and enriching experience of the region’s history, culture, and natural beauty. SIXT.VN can assist with arranging transportation, tours, and accommodations to make the entire trip seamless.

9. What Should You Pack for a Trip to the Xoan Singing Villages?

Packing for a trip to the Xoan singing villages requires careful consideration of the climate, activities, and cultural sensitivities. Here’s a packing list to help you prepare:

Clothing:

• Lightweight and Breathable Clothing: The climate in Phu Tho province is generally warm and humid, so pack lightweight and breathable clothing made from natural fabrics like cotton or linen.
• Modest Clothing: When visiting temples, shrines, and other religious sites, dress modestly. Pack long pants or skirts, shirts with sleeves, and a scarf to cover your shoulders.
• Rain Gear: Pack a raincoat or umbrella, especially if you are traveling during the rainy season (May to September).
• Comfortable Walking Shoes: You’ll be doing a lot of walking, so pack comfortable walking shoes or sneakers.
• Sandals or Flip-Flops: Sandals or flip-flops are useful for wearing around your accommodation or when visiting temples.
• Warm Layer: Pack a light jacket or sweater for cooler evenings or when visiting mountainous areas.

Essentials:

• Passport and Visa: Make sure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay in Vietnam and that you have the necessary visa.
• Travel Insurance: Purchase travel insurance to protect yourself against unexpected events, such as illness, injury, or theft.
• Medications: Bring any necessary medications, along with a copy of your prescription.
• Insect Repellent: Mosquitoes can be prevalent, especially in rural areas, so pack insect repellent.
• Sunscreen: Protect your skin from the sun by packing sunscreen with a high SPF.
• Hand Sanitizer: Hand sanitizer is useful for keeping your hands clean, especially when traveling in areas with limited access to soap and water.
• First-Aid Kit: Pack a small first-aid kit with essentials like bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, and motion sickness medication.
• Adapter: Vietnam uses a variety of plug types, so pack a universal adapter to charge your electronic devices.
• Camera: Don’t forget your camera to capture the beautiful scenery and cultural experiences.
• Cash: While credit cards are accepted in some establishments, it’s useful to have cash on hand for smaller purchases and in rural areas.
• Phrasebook: A Vietnamese phrasebook can be helpful for communicating with locals.

Other Useful Items:

• Hat or Cap: Protect yourself from the sun with a hat or cap.
• Sunglasses: Protect your eyes from the sun with sunglasses.
• Reusable Water Bottle: Stay hydrated by bringing a reusable water bottle.
• Small Backpack: A small backpack is useful for carrying your essentials when exploring the villages.
• Headlamp or Flashlight: A headlamp or flashlight can be useful for navigating in dark areas.

Cultural Sensitivity Items:

• Modest Clothing: As mentioned earlier, pack modest clothing to wear when visiting temples and other religious sites.
• Gifts: Consider bringing small gifts for your hosts if you are staying in a homestay.
• Respectful Attitude: Pack a respectful attitude and be mindful of local customs and traditions.

By packing these items, you’ll be well-prepared for your trip to the Xoan singing villages and can enjoy a comfortable and enriching experience.

10. Frequently Asked Questions About Xoan Singing

Here are some frequently asked questions about Xoan singing to help you better understand this unique art form:

1. What exactly is Xoan singing?

Xoan singing is an ancient Vietnamese folk art form from Phu Tho province, combining vocals, dancing, and rituals.

2. Where did Xoan singing originate?

It originated in the upland region of Viet Tri in Phu Tho province, Vietnam.

3. Why is Xoan singing important to Vietnamese culture?

Xoan singing preserves cultural heritage, promotes identity, fosters intergenerational transmission of knowledge, enhances social cohesion, and boosts tourism.

4. Which villages are most famous for Xoan singing?

Phu Duc, Kim Dai, Thet, and An Thai villages are most known for Xoan singing.

5. How can I experience Xoan singing firsthand?

Attend authentic performances, interact with performers, and immerse yourself in the cultural settings of the villages.

6. What are the key initiatives in revitalizing Xoan singing?

Training programs, Xoan guilds, school curriculum integration, community performances, and restoration of performance spaces.

7. What role does tourism play in preserving Xoan singing?

Tourism can generate economic benefits and raise awareness but must be managed sustainably to avoid cultural commodification.

8. What should I consider when planning a trip to experience Xoan singing?

Best time to visit (festivals), transportation options, accommodation choices, and must-see attractions.

9. What customs should I respect when visiting Xoan villages?

Dress modestly, remove shoes before entering sacred spaces, be quiet and respectful, and ask before taking photos.

10. Are there other attractions to visit near the Xoan singing villages?

Yes, including the Hung Kings Temple, Ao Chau Lagoon, and Xuan Son National Park.

Planning a trip to Vietnam to witness the beauty of Xoan singing? SIXT.VN is your trusted partner for seamless travel experiences. From airport transfers and comfortable hotel bookings to guided tours and reliable transportation, we ensure your journey is smooth and memorable. Contact us today to book your perfect Vietnamese adventure! Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Website: SIXT.VN.

Let SIXT.VN take care of all your travel needs while you explore the rich culture and heritage of Vietnam. Contact us now and let us tailor the best Vietnamese adventure for you with reliable and secure travel services.