Tell Me About Tran Temple (Den Tran). Who Does It Worship?

Are you curious about the historical significance and spiritual essence of Tran Temple (Den Tran) in Vietnam? SIXT.VN is here to guide you through this cultural landmark, uncovering its rich history and who it honors. Discover the remarkable Tran Dynasty and its impact on Vietnamese heritage with our expert travel tips and services.

1. What Is Tran Temple (Den Tran) and Where Is It Located?

Tran Temple, also known as Den Tran, is a historical and cultural complex located in Nam Dinh City, Vietnam, approximately 90 km southeast of Hanoi. It is a cluster of three temples dedicated to the kings and royal family members of the Tran Dynasty, as well as their meritorious mandarins. According to the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, Nam Dinh is considered the ancestral land of the Tran Dynasty, a significant period in Vietnamese history (Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, n.d.).

• Location: Loc Vuong Ward, Nam Dinh City, Vietnam
• Distance from Hanoi: Approximately 90 km southeast

2. What Is the Historical Significance of Tran Temple?

Tran Temple holds immense historical significance as it commemorates the Tran Dynasty (1225-1400), a period marked by military victories and cultural prosperity. The dynasty successfully defended Dai Viet (the former name of Vietnam) against three Mongol invasions. According to research from the Institute of Historical Studies, the Tran Dynasty’s military strategies were crucial in preserving Vietnam’s independence (Institute of Historical Studies, 2010). The temple complex was initially part of the Thien Truong Palace, the second capital of Dai Viet, and played a vital role in national defense.

• Dynasty: Tran Dynasty (1225-1400)
• Significance: Military victories, cultural prosperity, national defense

3. Who Does Tran Temple Worship?

Tran Temple is dedicated to the worship of the Tran Dynasty’s kings, royal family members, and meritorious mandarins. The complex comprises three main temples, each with specific dedications:

• Thien Truong Temple: Dedicated to the 14 kings of the Tran Dynasty and their ancestors.
• Co Trach Temple: Dedicated to General Tran Hung Dao, a national hero, and his 18 officers who fought against the Yuan-Mongol invaders.
• Trung Hoa Temple: Dedicated to the 14 Tran Kings.

4. Who Was Tran Hung Dao and Why Is He Important?

Tran Hung Dao (1228-1300), also known as Hung Dao Vuong, was one of the most celebrated military commanders in Vietnamese history. He is revered for his instrumental role in leading the Tran Dynasty to victory against three Mongol invasions in 1258, 1285, and 1288. His strategic brilliance and leadership have made him a national hero. According to historical records, Tran Hung Dao’s strategies were adapted to the local terrain, making it difficult for the Mongol invaders (National Museum of Vietnamese History, n.d.).

• Born: 1228
• Died: 1300
• Known For: Military leadership, victories against Mongol invasions

5. What Is the Architecture of Tran Temple?

The architecture of Tran Temple reflects traditional Vietnamese temple design, characterized by intricate wood carvings, tiled roofs, and symmetrical layouts. Each temple within the complex has its unique features:

• Thien Truong Temple: Consists of four compartments dedicated to the Tran kings, their ancestors, and meritorious warriors.
• Co Trach Temple: Features four compartments dedicated to General Tran Hung Dao, his family, and his assistants.
• Trung Hoa Temple: Houses 14 bronze statues representing the Tran kings.

The temples are designed to blend harmoniously with the natural landscape, creating a serene and spiritual atmosphere.

6. What Are the Key Features of Thien Truong Temple?

Thien Truong Temple is the central and most important structure in the Tran Temple complex. It features:

• Four Compartments: Front aisle for worship ceremonies, two aisles for the 14 Tran Kings and their ancestors, and side aisles for meritorious warriors and mandarins.
• Altars: Altars of Tran Kings’ wives located on both sides of the main altar.
• Historical Significance: Built on the base of Trung Quang Palace, where former kings lived and worked.

7. What Are the Key Features of Co Trach Temple?

Co Trach Temple is dedicated to General Tran Hung Dao and is notable for:

• Four Compartments: Tien Duong for three great generals under Tran Hung Dao, Trung Duong for Tran Hung Dao and his four sons, Chinh Tam for Tran Hung Dao’s parents and family, and Thieu Huong housing Tran Hung Dao’s statue.
• Stele: A stone stele found during remodeling in 1868, indicating the site as the old house of General Tran Hung Dao.
• Memorials: Memorials to Tran Hung Dao’s family, assistants, and other mandarins.

Co Trach Temple at dusk

8. What Are the Key Features of Trung Hoa Temple?

Trung Hoa Temple, newly built in 2000, is notable for:

• Bronze Statues: 14 bronze statues representing the Tran Kings in the main aisles.
• Council of Mandarins: Thieu Huong used to worship the council of respected mandarins.
• Dedication: Dedicated to literature and martial mandarins in the side aisles.

9. What Are the Major Festivals Held at Tran Temple?

Tran Temple hosts two major annual festivals:

• Royal Seal Opening Ceremony: Held in lunar January, this ceremony dates back to the 13th century and is believed to bring luck and success.
• Tran Temple Festival: Held from the 15th to the 20th day of August on the lunar calendar, this festival expresses gratitude to the Tran Kings and General Tran Hung Dao.

These festivals attract thousands of pilgrims and tourists, highlighting the temple’s cultural significance.

10. What Happens During the Royal Seal Opening Ceremony?

The Royal Seal Opening Ceremony is a significant event that involves:

• Wooden Seal: A wooden seal is worshiped in the temple, made in the late 19th century.
• Procession: A procession carries the seal from Co Trach Temple to Thien Truong Temple at midnight on the 14th day of the first lunar month.
• Stamping: A prestigious man stamps the seal on yellow papers, which are then distributed to attendees for luck and success.

11. What Activities Take Place During the Tran Temple Festival in August?

The Tran Temple Festival in August includes various activities such as:

• Gratitude Rituals: Ceremonies to show gratitude to the 14 Tran Kings and General Tran Hung Dao.
• Cultural Performances: Traditional music, dance, and theatrical performances.
• Games and Competitions: Traditional games and competitions that showcase local culture.

12. How Can I Get to Tran Temple from Hanoi?

Traveling to Tran Temple from Hanoi is relatively straightforward, with several transportation options available:

• Local Bus: A budget-friendly option, but buses have fixed schedules, and the journey takes about 2 hours each way.
• Motorbike: Suitable for adventurous travelers, but traffic conditions can be challenging.
• Private Car/Van: The most convenient option, offering flexibility and comfort. SIXT.VN provides private car and van services for a hassle-free trip.

13. What Are the Benefits of Hiring a Private Car from SIXT.VN to Visit Tran Temple?

Hiring a private car from SIXT.VN offers numerous advantages:

• Comfort and Convenience: Enjoy a comfortable and stress-free journey in a private vehicle.
• Flexibility: Customize your itinerary and make stops along the way.
• Local Guide: Opt for a tour guide to gain in-depth knowledge about the temple and local culture.
• Time-Saving: Avoid the fixed schedules of public transportation and travel at your own pace.

14. What Should I Wear When Visiting Tran Temple?

When visiting Tran Temple, it is important to dress respectfully. Appropriate attire includes:

• Modest Clothing: Avoid wearing revealing or overly casual clothing.
• Covered Shoulders and Knees: Opt for clothing that covers your shoulders and knees.
• Comfortable Shoes: Wear comfortable shoes as you will be walking around the temple complex.

15. Are There Any Specific Customs I Should Observe When Visiting Tran Temple?

Yes, there are several customs to observe:

• Silence: Maintain a respectful silence inside the temples.
• Offerings: You may bring offerings such as incense, flowers, or fruit.
• Photography: Ask for permission before taking photos, especially during ceremonies.
• Respectful Behavior: Show respect to the monks, temple staff, and other visitors.

16. What Other Attractions Can I Visit Near Tran Temple?

While in Nam Dinh, consider visiting these nearby attractions:

• Nam Dinh City: Explore the local markets and historical sites.
• Co Le Pagoda: A beautiful pagoda known for its unique architecture.
• Hai Hau Beach: A coastal area offering a relaxing beach experience.

17. What Type of Accommodation Options Are Available in Nam Dinh?

Nam Dinh offers a range of accommodation options to suit different budgets:

• Hotels: Several hotels offering comfortable stays and modern amenities.
• Guesthouses: Budget-friendly guesthouses providing basic accommodations.
• Homestays: Experience local culture by staying in a homestay.

SIXT.VN can assist with booking suitable accommodation options based on your preferences.

18. What Local Food Should I Try When Visiting Nam Dinh?

Nam Dinh is famous for its delicious local cuisine:

• Pho Bo Nam Dinh: A local version of Pho with flavorful beef broth.
• Banh Xeo: Crispy pancakes filled with shrimp, pork, and bean sprouts.
• Nem Chua Ran: Fried fermented pork rolls.

Be sure to explore local eateries to savor these culinary delights.

19. What Souvenirs Can I Buy at Tran Temple?

You can find various souvenirs at Tran Temple:

• Incense: Symbolizing respect and spirituality.
• Lucky Charms: Believed to bring good fortune and protection.
• Handicrafts: Locally made handicrafts reflecting Vietnamese culture.
• Calligraphy: Hand-written calligraphy scrolls with blessings and well wishes.

20. How Does Tran Temple Reflect Vietnamese Culture and History?

Tran Temple is a profound reflection of Vietnamese culture and history:

• Dynastic Worship: It honors a significant dynasty and its contributions to Vietnamese sovereignty.
• Cultural Practices: The festivals and ceremonies held at the temple preserve traditional customs and beliefs.
• National Pride: The temple symbolizes national pride and the resilience of the Vietnamese people.

21. What Is the Significance of the Dragon Motif in Tran Temple’s Architecture?

The dragon motif is a recurring symbol in Tran Temple’s architecture, representing:

• Power and Authority: The dragon is a symbol of imperial power and authority, reflecting the Tran Dynasty’s rule.
• Good Fortune: In Vietnamese culture, dragons are associated with good fortune, prosperity, and protection.
• Harmony: Dragons symbolize harmony between heaven and earth, reflecting the temple’s spiritual significance.

22. Can I Visit Tran Temple Year-Round, or Are There Specific Times That Are Best?

Tran Temple can be visited year-round, but the best times are:

• Spring (February to April): Pleasant weather and the Royal Seal Opening Ceremony.
• Autumn (September to November): Mild temperatures and the Tran Temple Festival.

These periods offer the most comfortable conditions and vibrant cultural experiences.

23. What Role Does Buddhism Play at Tran Temple?

While Tran Temple primarily honors historical figures, Buddhism has a presence:

• Buddhist Statues: Co Trach Temple houses nine Buddhist statues alongside General Tran Hung Dao’s statue.
• Spiritual Practices: Buddhist rituals and practices are sometimes integrated into ceremonies at the temple.
• Harmony: The integration of Buddhism reflects the religious harmony in Vietnamese culture.

24. How Has Tran Temple Been Preserved and Restored Over the Years?

Tran Temple has been preserved and restored through:

• Government Initiatives: The Vietnamese government has invested in the preservation and restoration of the temple complex.
• Community Efforts: Local communities have actively participated in maintaining and protecting the temple.
• Historical Research: Scholars and historians have contributed to the understanding and preservation of the temple’s history and architecture.

25. What Legends Are Associated with Tran Temple and Tran Hung Dao?

Several legends surround Tran Temple and Tran Hung Dao:

• Tran Hung Dao’s Miracles: Stories of his supernatural abilities and divine intervention during battles.
• Sacred Ground: Beliefs about the temple being located on sacred ground with powerful spiritual energy.
• Royal Seal’s Power: Legends about the royal seal’s ability to bring luck and ward off evil spirits.

26. What Impact Did the Tran Dynasty Have on Vietnamese Arts and Culture?

The Tran Dynasty significantly influenced Vietnamese arts and culture:

• Literature: Promotion of Vietnamese literature and poetry.
• Architecture: Development of unique architectural styles reflected in temples and palaces.
• Music and Dance: Patronage of traditional music and dance forms.

27. How Did the Tran Dynasty’s Military Tactics Contribute to Their Success Against the Mongols?

The Tran Dynasty’s military tactics were crucial in their success:

• Scorched Earth Policy: Denying resources to the enemy by destroying infrastructure and supplies.
• Guerrilla Warfare: Employing small-scale attacks and ambushes to harass the Mongol forces.
• Naval Warfare: Utilizing naval forces to control waterways and disrupt enemy supply lines.

28. What Evidence Is There of the Tran Dynasty’s Influence on Modern Vietnam?

The Tran Dynasty’s influence is evident in:

• Historical Memory: Remembrance of Tran Hung Dao as a national hero.
• Cultural Identity: Preservation of cultural traditions and values from the Tran era.
• National Pride: The legacy of the Tran Dynasty contributing to Vietnamese national identity.

29. How Can I Book a Tour to Tran Temple with SIXT.VN?

Booking a tour to Tran Temple with SIXT.VN is easy:

• Visit SIXT.VN: Navigate to our website.
• Contact Us: Reach out via phone or online form.
• Customize Your Tour: Choose your preferred transportation, guide, and itinerary.
• Confirm Your Booking: Finalize your booking and prepare for your trip.

30. What Safety Measures Should I Consider When Visiting Tran Temple?

When visiting Tran Temple, consider these safety measures:

• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water, especially during hot weather.
• Protect Against Sun: Use sunscreen, wear a hat, and sunglasses.
• Be Aware of Surroundings: Watch out for pickpockets and scams.
• Follow Local Guidelines: Adhere to any safety guidelines provided by temple staff.

Visiting Tran Temple offers a profound glimpse into Vietnam’s rich history and cultural heritage. By understanding its significance and planning your trip with SIXT.VN, you can ensure a memorable and enriching experience.

Ready to explore Tran Temple? SIXT.VN offers convenient and reliable travel services, including private car rentals, airport transfers, and customized tours. Contact us today to plan your adventure. Address: 260 Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hotline/Whatsapp: +84 986 244 358. Visit our website: SIXT.VN. Let us help you discover the best of Vietnam.

31. What Are Some Commonly Asked Questions About Tran Temple (Den Tran)?

31.1. Who Built Tran Temple?

Tran Temple was initially built by the subjects of King Tran Thai Tong in 1262 and later rebuilt in the late 17th century.

31.2. What Is the Best Time to Visit Tran Temple?

The best times to visit are during the Royal Seal Opening Ceremony in lunar January or the Tran Temple Festival in lunar August.

31.3. How Long Does It Take to Explore Tran Temple?

Plan for at least 2-3 hours to fully explore the entire complex.

31.4. Are There Entrance Fees for Tran Temple?

Entrance fees may apply, so it’s best to check the latest information before your visit.

31.5. Can I Hire a Local Guide at Tran Temple?

While there may be local guides available, booking a private guide through SIXT.VN ensures a knowledgeable and personalized experience.

31.6. What Is the Significance of the Royal Seal?

The Royal Seal is believed to bring luck and success to those who receive a stamped paper during the Royal Seal Opening Ceremony.

31.7. Is Photography Allowed Inside the Temples?

Photography is generally allowed, but it’s best to ask for permission before taking photos, especially during ceremonies.

31.8. Are There Dress Code Requirements for Visiting Tran Temple?

Yes, dress modestly, covering your shoulders and knees.

31.9. How Can SIXT.VN Help Me Plan My Trip to Tran Temple?

SIXT.VN offers private car rentals, airport transfers, and customized tours to ensure a hassle-free and enriching experience.

31.10. What Other Historical Sites Are Near Tran Temple?

Consider visiting Nam Dinh City, Co Le Pagoda, and other local attractions while in the area.

References:

• Institute of Historical Studies. (2010). History of Vietnam. Hanoi: National Publishing House.
• National Museum of Vietnamese History. (n.d.). Tran Hung Dao. Retrieved from [website address]
• Vietnam National Administration of Tourism. (n.d.). Nam Dinh. Retrieved from